Assessing the impact of azadirachtin application to soil on ureaseactivity and its kinetic parameters

Kizilkaya, Rıdvan; Samofalova, Iraida; Mudrykh, Natalya; Mikailsoy, Fariz; Akça, İ̇zzet; Sushkova, Svetlana; Minkina, Tatiana

doi:10.3906/tar-1406-85

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A high K m value indicates a weak binding affinity between the ES complex, while low K m demonstrates a strong binding. This finding is in line with that by Kizilkaya et al (2015) and Mathialagan et al (2019), which demonstrated that urease inhibitors applied with urea increased K m and retarded hydrolysis reaction. Meanwhile, V max reveals the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme by measuring the number of substrate molecules converted into products per unit time (Berg et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It also works as an indicator to measure the speed of the enzymatic process in the soil. The lower the value, the slower the process (Kizilkaya et al 2015). Thus, a low V max compared with the control in the present study shows that less product was formed, which possibly occurs due to the formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex that retards the formation and dissociation of the ES complex (Juan et al 2010;Lai and Tabatabai 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Organosulfur Compounds as Soil Urease Inhibitors and Their Effect on Kinetics of Urea Hydrolysis

Salehuddin

Mansor

Yahya

et al. 2021

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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The application of urea fertilizer on soil surfaces causes hydrolysis reactions to occur rapidly, thus releasing ammonia gas to the atmosphere and, in turn, reducing the availability of nitrogen for plant uptake. The urease inhibitor application with urea is considered a mitigation method to reduce the loss of nitrogen. Chemical-based urease inhibitors effectively reduce nitrogen loss, but they also demonstrate adverse side effects on plants. Thus, there is a need to discover potential candidates for urease inhibitors from natural sources. This study evaluates the potential of organosulfur compounds from garlic, namely, allicin, diallyl sulfide (DAS), and diallyl disulfide (DADS), as inhibitors to urea hydrolysis. The effect of allicin, DAS, and DADS on kinetic parameters of soil urease and urea hydrolysis rate was evaluated using the Lineweaver-Burk plot and incubation study. All tested organosulfur compounds exhibited mixed-type inhibition with a high Michaelis constant (K m ) and low maximum velocity of reaction (V max ), compared with control (urea). The calculated inhibitory (dissociation) constant (K i ) for allicin, DAS, and DADS were 0.53, 0.92, and 0.40 mM, respectively. This indicates that DADS is the most potent soil urease inhibitor, followed by allicin and DAS. After DADS treatment, about 46% of the urea-nitrogen (N) content remained after 21 days. Meanwhile, allicin and DAS treatments retained urea-N in the soil for 7 and 11 days, respectively. The results demonstrate that DADS is more effective in delaying enzymatic urea hydrolysis compared with allicin and DAS and showed a high potential as a bio-based urease inhibitor in agriculture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Organosulfur Compounds as Soil Urease Inhibitors and Their Effect on Kinetics of Urea Hydrolysis

Salehuddin

Mansor

Yahya

et al. 2021

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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“…The stimulatory effects of neem leaf extract on urea hydrolysis were found to be in line with the former studies of Mohanty et al (2008), Kizilkaya et al (2015), and Sridharan et al (2017). Urea hydrolysis stimulation was explained by Kizilkaya et al (2015), who stated that neem extract acted as a substrate providing C, N, and energy for soil microorganisms. This mechanism was supported by the significant increases in microbial biomass C in all neem extract rates, except Neem1 at 10 DAI (Fig.…”

Section: Urea Hydrolysissupporting

confidence: 85%

Effects of neem leaf extract on inorganic nitrogen transformation in sandy soil

Butnan¹,

Duangpukdee²,

Sriraj³

2022

Soil Sci. Ann.

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The inhibitory effects of neem leaf extract on fertilizer nitrogen (N) transformation in soil have not been fully recognized. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of fi ve nitrifi cation inhibitors on the status of soil inorganic N, urea hydrolysis, and nitrifi cation: i) no inhibitor (control); ii) nitrapyrin; and three rates of neem leaf extract based on the dry weight of the raw material: iii) 1 g kg -1 soil; iv) 2 g kg -1 soil; v) 4 g kg -1 soil. Neem leaf extract in all rates increased urea hydrolysis rate on days 5−15. In contrast, nitrapyrin decreased urea hydrolysis on days 5−10, compared to the control. As for nitrifi cation, neem leaf extract showed both stimulatory and inhibitory effects. The stimulation appeared on day 3, whereas inhibition occurred and peaked on days 5−15. Nitrapyrin showed inhibitory effects on days 10−15, reaching its peak on day 15. Increasing rates of neem leaf extract brought about increases in stimulation and inhibition of urea hydrolysis and nitrifi cation. The results conclusively stated that the neem leaf extract had generally faster, stronger, and longer nitrifi cation inhibition than nitrapyrin. The stimulation in the early phase and the inhibition in the later phase of the incubation of neem leaf extract were more pronounced with higher application rates.

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“…Pesticides may affect soil enzymes acting as alternative substrate. However, azadirachtin – the active ingredient of neem – showed opposite results, increasing urease activity because it acted as a source of energy for microorganisms instead of a urease inhibitor [19] , although neem has been recommended for addition to urea in India [21] .…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Urease Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neem also exhibits other properties of agronomic interest such as nitrification inhibition and pesticide effect [16] . The effect of neem coated urea to reduce urease activity has been demonstrated [17] but some studies noted that neem, or one of its active ingredients – azadirachtin – seems to stimulate urease activity [18] , [19] . Neem has more potential as a nitrification inhibitor [18] , [20] and for this reason all urea used in India since 2015 is mandatorily coated with neem [21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic efficiency of NBPT as a urease inhibitor: A review

Cantarella

Otto

Soares

et al. 2018

Journal of Advanced Research

324

225

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Graphical abstractSchematic diagram of urea dissolution, diffusion and hydrolysis in the soil. (a) Without an inhibitor, hydrolysis is fast (dark blue color) causing NH3/NH4+ accumulation and increasing the pH close to the soil surface around the fertilizer granule, driving NH3 volatilization. As the ammonia species are less mobile in soil, diffusion is limited. (b) The inhibitor maintains urea unhydrolyzed for some time. Urea has no electrical charges and diffuses easily into the soil solution. When the effect of the inhibitor phases down and urea starts to hydrolyze, both the pH and the NH3/NH4+ concentrations are lower (light blue color) as a result of dilution. Part of the urea is incorporated into the soil before hydrolysis; the NH3 produced inside the soil is retained by the negative charges of colloidal material and losses are reduced even if no rain or irrigation incorporates urea into the soil.

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Assessing the impact of azadirachtin application to soil on ureaseactivity and its kinetic parameters

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Organosulfur Compounds as Soil Urease Inhibitors and Their Effect on Kinetics of Urea Hydrolysis

Organosulfur Compounds as Soil Urease Inhibitors and Their Effect on Kinetics of Urea Hydrolysis

Effects of neem leaf extract on inorganic nitrogen transformation in sandy soil

Agronomic efficiency of NBPT as a urease inhibitor: A review

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