Assessing the environmental context of hand washing among school children in Limpopo, South Africa

Bulled, Nicola; Poppe, K.; Ramatsisti, K.; Sitsula, Londolani; Winegar, Geoffrey; Gumbo, Jabulani R.; Dillingham, Rebecca; Smith, James A.

doi:10.1080/02508060.2017.1335140

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For example, in one study carried out on 90 health care professionals in Northeast Ethiopia, 36.1% had no knowledge of good hand-washing practices [ 20 ]. Moreover, poor hand-washing practices may be due to a lack of hand washing facilities, access to clean water supplies or soap in low-income countries [ 21 ]. Indeed, in sub-Saharan Africa, 63 percent of people in urban areas–258 million people–lack access to hand washing, according to the UNICEF figures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand-Washing Practices among Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years from 80 Countries

Smith

Butler

Tully

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The objectives were to (1) assess the prevalence of hand-washing practices across 80 countries and (2) assess frequency of hand-washing practice by economic status (country income and severe food insecurity), in a global representative sample of adolescents. Cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003–2017 were analyzed. Data on age, sex, hand-washing practices in the past 30 days, and severe food insecurity (i.e., proxy of socioeconomic status) were self-reported. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis with random effects based on country-wise estimates were conducted to assess associations. Adolescents (n = 209,584) aged 12–15 years [mean (SD) age 13.8 (1.0) years; 50.9% boys] were included in the analysis. Overall, the prevalence of hand-washing practices were as follows: never/rarely washing hands before eating (6.4%), after using toilet (5.6%), or with soap (8.8%). The prevalence of never/rarely washing hands after using the toilet (10.8%) or with soap (14.3%) was particularly high in low-income countries. Severe food insecurity was associated with 1.34 (95%CI = 1.25–1.43), 1.61 (95%CI = 1.50–1.73), and 1.44 (95%CI = 1.35–1.53) times higher odds for never/rarely washing hands before eating, after using the toilet, and with soap, respectively. A high prevalence of inadequate hand washing practices was reported, particularly in low-income countries and those with severe food insecurity. In light of the present COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid expansion being observed in low- and middle-income locations, interventions that disseminate good hand-washing practices are urgently required. Such interventions may also have cross-over benefits in relation to other poor sanitation-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand-Washing Practices among Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years from 80 Countries

Smith

Butler

Tully

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Although there were significant improvements in the level of knowledge and attitudes of the community before and after intervention, it is difficult to measure the exact and precise effectiveness of the interventions as different communities have different behaviours and require different methods of evaluation and benchmarks [46,47]. The authors suggest that a sustained commitment to a continuous health education and promotion interventions involving the community and school children which promote knowledge and sharing of skills be custom made for indigenous communities [14,25,26,38,[48][49][50] and sanitation and hygienic practices are important areas that must be reinforced at every opportunity [51,52]. These Orang Asli villages provide opportunities for multidisciplinary professionals to work together using One Health approach to provide health education and promotion concerning zoonotic infections and can be a good training ground for future one health workforce.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instilling Good Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among the Indigenous People of Malaysia Concerning Dog Associated Zoonotic Infections

Rashid

Fong

Rani

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The indigenous people of peninsular Malaysia are a marginalized group; they are socio economically deprived and have low levels of education. One such group is the Jahai, who commonly used dogs for hunting, but have recently started to move away from traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle, resulting in the dogs to multiply in numbers and roam as strays in the village. The community is now at risk of dog associated zoonotic infections. Studies have shown that health education and promotion can improve knowledge, attitude and practices of dog associated infections. However most of the studies were done among dog owners and in communities with fairly good education levels. A holistic approach using One Health concept was used to instil good knowledge, attitude and practices of the Jahai community concerning dog associated zoonotic infections. This non-experimental pre and post-test intervention study was conducted among Jahai villagers aged 12 years and above living in a village located in the Belum forest in Malaysia. The findings of this study showed the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team using One Health concept to successfully improve knowledge, attitude and practices related to dog associated zoonotic infections.. CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.

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“…In low income countries, there is low uptake of hand hygiene practice among young children. A few studies report the main challenges are the failure to transform knowledge into practice with the limited resources including physical facilities and manpower to promote hand hygiene in Africa (Bulled et al ; Pengpid & Peltzer ). These challenges call for an implementation of an evidence‐based a school‐based hand hygiene programme (SBHHP) addressing physical, social and environmental factors, to plan hand hygiene programmes that will promote hand hygiene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of implementing hand hygiene for Malawian schoolchildren: a qualitative study

Mbakaya¹,

Lee

2019

International Nursing Review

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Aim To explore the experiences of schoolchildren, school personnel and parents who participated in a school‐based hand hygiene programme implemented by nurses in Malawi. Background There is low uptake of hand hygiene practice in developing countries due to limited resources available and no standardized hand hygiene policy. Introduction Current health policies acknowledge the advantage of investing in disease prevention and health promotion among young children in Malawi. School nurses should adopt good evidence‐based practice in promoting school‐based hand hygiene programmes which remain a challenge in Malawi. Methods In this descriptive qualitative study, 10 focus group discussions were conducted with 23 females and 14 males including schoolchildren, school personnel and parents participating in a school‐based hand hygiene programme. The programme was implemented by nurses in three primary schools between May and July 2017 in Malawi. Data from these discussions were coded and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings The school‐based hand hygiene programme was well received by participants. Four themes illustrated effective strategies in implementing the hand hygiene programme from the participants’ view, including ‘Being committed’, ‘Sharing responsibilities’, ‘Disseminating good practice’ and ‘Appreciating assets’. These are essential resources and strategies that school nurses need to mobilize and integrate when they advocate handwashing policy by delivering hygiene promotion activities. Discussion School nurses play a significant role in helping to achieve United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 3 through promoting hand hygiene to minimize transmission of diseases and reduce mortality rate. Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policy An evidence‐based protocol based on study findings is beneficial for school nurses in formulating handwashing policies. It is important for developing countries to formulate the much‐need policies for primary care practices.

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Assessing the environmental context of hand washing among school children in Limpopo, South Africa

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Hand-Washing Practices among Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years from 80 Countries

Hand-Washing Practices among Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years from 80 Countries

Instilling Good Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among the Indigenous People of Malaysia Concerning Dog Associated Zoonotic Infections

Experiences of implementing hand hygiene for Malawian schoolchildren: a qualitative study

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