“…To date, global entrepreneurship research investigating entrepreneurial efficiency frontiers based on the institutional factors and early-stage entrepreneurs for the multi-faceted efficiency and longitudinal analyses as in this paper are somewhat limited. Some previous studies suggesting NSE constructs (regional framework conditions) such as output measures, attitude measures, and framework measures but without efficiency comparison (i.e., Ács et al, 2014) failed to examine longitudinal dynamics (e.g., Das & Kundu, 2019; Inacio Junior et al, 2021; Tasnim & Afzal, 2018) or set misleading causal relationships between inputs and outputs for efficiency analysis (i.e., Faghih et al, 2021). Overall, it is understood that global entrepreneurship literature further requires; (a) an efficiency study based on NSE, (b) empirical evidence for benchmarking, and (c) integrated efficiency measures that would advance future studies.…”