Assessing the effectiveness of minimum legal drinking age and zero tolerance laws in the United States

Voas, Robert B.; Tippetts, Anthony Scott; Fell, James C.

doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00038-6

Cited by 153 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Furthermore, zero-tolerance laws, which make it illegal for drivers Ͻ21 years of age to drive after any drinking, have been associated with ϳ20% decreases in alcoholrelated fatal crashes and DWIs. 151 A number of school-based institutional programs have sought to reduce driving after drinking or riding with a drinking driver by targeting life skills and refusal skills. A review of 5 studies involving 6 programs 152 indicated reductions in riding with drinking drivers and reductions in driving after drinking in conjunction with several of those programs.…”

Section: Adolescent Drinking and Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Brown¹,

McGue²,

et al. 2008

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Late adolescence (ie, 16 -20 years of age) is a period characterized by escalation of drinking and alcohol use problems for many and by the onset of an alcohol use disorder for some. This heightened period of vulnerability is a joint consequence of the continuity of risk from earlier developmental stages and the unique neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that occur in late adolescence. We review the normative neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that typically occur in late adolescence, and we discuss the evidence for the impact of these transitions on individual drinking trajectories. We also describe evidence linking alcohol abuse in late adolescence with neurologic damage and social impairments, and we discuss whether these are the bases for the association of adolescent drinking with increased risks of mental health, substance abuse, and social problems in adulthood. Finally, we discuss both the challenges and successes in the treatment and prevention of adolescent drinking problems. I N THE UNITED States, alcohol involvement sometimes starts but more often escalates between 16 and 20 years of age, when youths are also experiencing dramatic physical, emotional, and social changes. Specifically, a variety of forms of hazardous drinking emerge during middle to late adolescence and, for many youths, these problematic patterns of drinking continue to escalate through 18 to 20 years of age, the period of greatest risk for the onset of an alcohol use disorder (AUD).In seeking to understand youth development and alcohol involvement, it is important to consider all dimensions of functioning, because the interrelated cognitive, biological, social, and affective changes that occur during adolescence not only affect each another but also influence an individual's risk of problem drinking. In particular, the timing, sequence, and synchrony of developmentally specific transitions can affect how well youths master new roles, as well as continuities and discontinuities in their behavior. Therefore, developmental models representing a range of theoretical orientations, including systems theory, behavioral genetics, and developmental psychopathology, hold great promise for advancing our understanding of the processes that underlie adolescent changes, including the emergence of alcohol use and abuse.The need for developmental approaches is underscored by the existence of a consistent body of research showing that the escalation in drinking and the emergence of AUDs in middle and late adolescence have behavioral, social, and biological roots from earlier developmental stages. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly clear that alcohol involvement in adolescence has both short-and long-term effects on health and well-being at later developmental stages. Importantly, the consequences of adolescent drinking seem to differ from those associated with adult drinking, because there is increasing evidence that adolescents are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy alcohol use on both biological and socia...

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Section: Adolescent Drinking and Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Brown¹,

McGue²,

et al. 2008

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“…25 Currently across most provinces, there is a zero blood alcohol tolerance in young drivers under 21 years of age. 26 By 1994, most provinces also required new drivers to undergo a graduated drivers licensing (GDL) program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in unintentional injury mortality in Canadian children 1950–2009 and association with selected population-level interventions

Richmond

DCruz

Lokku

et al. 2016

Can J Public Health

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METHODS: Injury mortality rates were age and sex adjusted. Changes in trend and level of mortality rates were assessed at pre-specified intervention periods using segmented linear regression analyses for interrupted time series. Maximum likelihood estimation was used with a second order autoregressive error process. RESULTS:From 1950 to 2009, the overall unintentional injury mortality rate decreased by 86%. Males had consistently higher mortality rates compared to females; however, the standardized rate ratio decreased from 2. CONCLUSION: While this study is not a cause and effect analysis, there is a strong association with implementation of safety campaigns and legislative changes related to child safety and a dramatic decline in childhood fatalities related to injury.KEY WORDS: Adolescent; Canada/epidemiology; cause of death; mortality/trends; wounds and injuries/mortality; wounds and injuries/prevention & control; child; preschool; infant La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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“…Por ejemplo la combinación de prohibiciones de compra con sanciones de tránsito para jóvenes 43 . En la Tabla 1 se presenta un cuadro con 16 disposiciones respecto de menores de 21 años que se aplican en los distintos estados de EE.…”

Section: Situación En Chileunclassified

Edad mínima legal de consumo de alcohol en el contexto chileno

Ramírez

Heller

2016

Rev. méd. Chile

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Assessing the effectiveness of minimum legal drinking age and zero tolerance laws in the United States

Cited by 153 publications

References 7 publications

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Trends in unintentional injury mortality in Canadian children 1950–2009 and association with selected population-level interventions

Edad mínima legal de consumo de alcohol en el contexto chileno

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