“…The most common approach, utilised by five studies (Benino et al, 2011;James, 2016;Lewis & Sewell, 2007;McClean et al, 2016;Moni et al, 2007), was to capture students' perceptions of and experiences about online teaching interventions through routine feedback mechanisms (such as end-of-semester evaluations) or targeted strategies (such as the use of a bespoke survey instrument). Other studies (Cordier et al, 2016;Curtis et al, 2013;Gagnon, 2015;Kalata & Abate, 2013;Suleman, 2016) explored students' experiences with online teaching interventions through their self-reported understanding of the concepts covered, perhaps as a proxy for student engagement. Some studies evaluated other proxy measures of students' experiences of, and engagement with, online teaching interventions through time spent with the resource and how often they accessed or used them (Lin & Crawford, 2007;Nallaya et al, 2018;Vaughan, 2009).…”