Assessing the Economic Benefits of Reductions in Marine Debris at Southern California Beaches: A Random Utility Travel Cost Model

Leggett, Christopher; Scherer, Nora; Haab, Timothy C.; Bailey, Ryan T.; Landrum, Jason P.; Domanski, Adam

doi:10.1086/697152

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Jang et al (2014) linked more than 20 million dollars lost revenue in 2011 (compared to 2010) due to increased litter on Goeje Island beaches. Leggett et al (2014) estimated that a 75% reduction of marine debris at six popular beaches of Orange County, California generated 40 million dollars benefit in just 3 months. Fisheries, shipping industries, navy, and aquaculture lose time and money by cleaning marine debris from their nets, ship propellers, cooling intakes, and farms.…”

Section: Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System

Maximenko¹,

Corradi²,

Law³

et al. 2019

Front. Mar. Sci.

207

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Plastics and other artificial materials pose new risks to the health of the ocean. Anthropogenic debris travels across large distances and is ubiquitous in the water and on shorelines, yet, observations of its sources, composition, pathways, and distributions in the ocean are very sparse and inaccurate. Total amounts of plastics and other man-made debris in the ocean and on the shore, temporal trends in these amounts under exponentially increasing production, as well as degradation processes, vertical fluxes, and time scales are largely unknown. Present ocean circulation models are not able to accurately simulate drift of debris because of its complex hydrodynamics. In this paper we discuss the structure of the future integrated marine debris observing system (IMDOS) that is required to provide long-term monitoring of the state of this anthropogenic pollution and support operational activities to mitigate impacts on the ecosystem and on the safety of maritime activity. The proposed observing system integrates remote sensing and in situ observations. Also, models are used to optimize the design of the system and, in turn, they will be gradually improved using the products of the system. Remote sensing technologies will provide spatially coherent coverage and consistent surveying time series at local to global scale. Optical sensors, including high-resolution imaging, multi-and hyperspectral, fluorescence, and Raman technologies, as well as SAR will be used to measure different types of debris. They will be implemented in a variety of platforms, from hand-held tools to ship-, buoy-, aircraft-, and satellite-based sensors. A network of in situ observations, including reports from volunteers, citizen scientists and ships of opportunity, will be developed to provide data for calibration/validation of remote sensors and to monitor the spread of plastic pollution and other marine debris. IMDOS will interact with other observing systems monitoring physical, chemical, and biological processes in the ocean and on shorelines as well as the state of the ecosystem, maritime activities and safety, drift of sea ice, etc. The synthesized data will support innovative multidisciplinary research and serve a diverse community of users.

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Section: Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System

Maximenko¹,

Corradi²,

Law³

et al. 2019

Front. Mar. Sci.

207

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show abstract

“…The presence of litter, especially in tourist-heavy recreational areas, also has a negative economic impact in part because of its adverse aesthetics prompting some visitors to avoid littered beaches (Leggett et al, 2018). Based on an analysis of the economic impact of marine debris during the three-month prime beach season for 31 beaches in Orange County, CA, the economic benefits of a 25% reduction in marine debris were valued at $29.5 million with a per capita seasonal value of $12.91 (Leggett et al, 2018) Cleaning-up marine litter from the open ocean is not currently feasible as prevention is the only successful approach to manage the problem (Jambeck, 2015). In con-trast, cleaning up coastal and land-based litter is feasible, but can be a significant expense for a local government.…”

Section: Economic Impacts Of Plastic Littermentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Instruments to Reduce Consumption of Expanded Polystyrene Food Service Ware in the Usa

Wagner

2020

Detritus

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There is global recognition that waste plastic is a ubiquitous pollutant in the built and natural environments. A component of plastic litter and debris is single-use, expanded polystyrene (EPS) food service ware. Reducing the consumption of EPS food service ware is challenging because reuse is not feasible, recycling is not economically viable, and composting is not possible. In the absence of national action to reduce EPS in the USA, local governments have taken the lead on enacting ordinances to eliminate or reduce EPS food service ware. This paper examined the variety of policy instruments that can or have been used by local governments in the USA to reduce EPS food service ware. Because of the inabilities to reuse, recycle, and/or compost EPS, the most frequently used policy instrument has been a ban. As of December 2019, there were 249 local bans in the USA covering 12.85% of the nation's population: of these bans, 9.6% were partial bans restricting distribution only on government and public property, 65.9% were narrow bans that ban distribution by restaurants and food providers, 8.8% were full bans that include the narrow ban and also ban using EPS food packaging by grocery stores, and 15.7% adopted an expanded ban that includes the full ban and also baned other single-use plastic food ware related items including the selling or distributing of EPS coolers and single-use plastic utensils, straws, stirrers, lids, cups, plates, and containers.

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“…Researchers have even identified what commonplace debris items are expected to have the most significant, deleterious impacts on major marine taxa and where major marine taxa are at the most significant risk (Wilcox et al, 2016). Other work has evaluated the effectiveness of various policies on mismanaged waste Schuyler et al, in press;Willis et al, in press) visitors' response to local litter loads (Leggett et al, 2014) and the economic costs of marine debris pollution due to major weather events (Jang et al, 2014). Scientists have moved beyond providing evidence alone of the interactions between plastic and the environment, with the field having matured to address questions around what we know vs. what is believed (i.e., demonstrated evidence, opinions and public perception) (Rochman et al, 2015;.…”

Section: Using Science To Inform the "Plastic Tragedy"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, after a heavy rainfall event which resulted in a significant increase in coastal debris loads in South Korea, revenue losses from tourism were estimated at $29-37M USD (Jang et al, 2014). In coastal California, visitors are reported to travel longer distances to avoid beaches with more waste (Leggett et al, 2014), and in Brazil, a recent survey reports that 85% of beachgoers will avoid beaches with high litter loads (>15 pieces per m 2 ) (Krelling et al, 2017). This is also interesting in light of numerous reports (and anecdotal evidence) that beachgoers themselves can be a contributing source of debris (Santos et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governance Solutions to the Tragedy of the Commons That Marine Plastics Have Become

2018

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Plastic pollution has become the new millennium's tragedy of the commons. This is particularly true with the marine debris plastic pollution issue, which has seen significant global interest recently. There is long-standing acknowledgment of the difficulty in managing the commons, with regulations, economic and market based instruments and community-based solutions all having a role to play. We review the global plastic pollution issue in the context of governance and policy, providing examples of successes, opportunities and levers for change. We discuss the role of regulation, public perception and social license to operate (SLO) in managing waste that enters the ocean. We argue that while plastic pollution is a tragedy, there are many opportunities for reduction, management, and changes to the global community's relationship with plastic.

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Assessing the Economic Benefits of Reductions in Marine Debris at Southern California Beaches: A Random Utility Travel Cost Model

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System

Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System

Policy Instruments to Reduce Consumption of Expanded Polystyrene Food Service Ware in the Usa

Governance Solutions to the Tragedy of the Commons That Marine Plastics Have Become

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