Assessing the Discharge of Pharmaceuticals Along the Dutch Coast of the North Sea

Walraven, N.; Laane, R.W.P.M.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09808-1_1

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…carbamazapine), additional environmental monitoring may be warranted to characterize concentrations and to establish trends in their occurrence. As shown by Walraven and Laane (2009), river flow rates may influence contaminant concentrations seasonally, thus resulting in substantially varying BQ values. For example, it can be observed that the riverine concentration of the fuel oxygenate MTBE is highly dependent on the flow of the river Meuse.…”

Section: à6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological relevance of emerging contaminants for drinking water quality

et al. 2010

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Toxicological relevance of emerging contaminants for drinking water quality Schriks, M.; Heringa, M.B.; van der Kooij, M.M.E.; de Voogt, W.P.; van Wezel, A.P. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 02 Apr 2019This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. IntroductionDue to anthropogenic activities, freshwater systems worldwide are confronted with thousands of compounds. In the European Union, for example, there are more than 100 000 registered chemicals (EINECS), of which 30 000-70 000 are in daily use. About 300 million tons of synthetic compounds annually used in industrial and consumer products, partially find their way to natural waters (Schwarzenbach et al., 2006). A major contribution to chemical contamination originates from wastewater discharges that impact surface water quality with incompletely removed organic contaminants (Kolpin et al., 2004;Snyder et al., 2001). Additional contamination comes from diffuse agricultural activities, in which over 140 million tons of fertilizers and several million tons of pesticides are applied each year, and from atmospheric deposition. Such contamination can become an increasing problem for drinking water supplies, especially since the European REACH legislation may drive producers to develop newly designed less lipophilic/bioaccumulative chemicals that will be inherently more difficult to remove by traditional drinking water treatment techniques. Author's personal copy Recently, Loos et al. (2009) presented an EU-wide monitoring study on 35 organic compounds in European river waters in concentrations up to 40 mg/L. In addition, we have shown the occurrence of emerging polar contaminants, such as benzotriazoles and metabolites of illicit drugs (e.g. benzoylecgonine, desalkylflurazepam and 9-carbonic acid-d-9-THC) in groundwaters and surface waters in the Netherlands Van Leerdam et al., 2009).Many of these emerging contaminants raise consid...

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Section: à6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological relevance of emerging contaminants for drinking water quality

et al. 2010

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“…), as well as some leisure activities (golf courses, water sports, sailing, etc.). Pharmaceutical residues have been found in environmental waters and in the marine environment, so they also could qualify as pollutants (Walraven and Laane 2009;Fatta-Kassinos et al 2011).…”

Section: Identifying Residual Chemical Hazards In the Marine Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shellfish and Residual Chemical Contaminants: Hazards, Monitoring, and Health Risk Assessment Along French Coasts

Guéguen

Amiard

Arnich

et al. 2011

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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In this review, we address the identification of residual chemical hazards in shellfish collected from the marine environment or in marketed shellfish. Data, assembled on the concentration of contaminants detected, were compared with the appropriate regulatory and food safety standards. Moreover, data on human exposure and body burden levels were evaluated in the context of potential health risks.Shellfish farming is a common industry along European coasts. The primary types of shellfish consumed in France are oysters, mussels, king scallops, winkles,whelks, cockles, clams, and other scallops. Shellfish filter large volumes of water to extract their food and are excellent bioaccumulators. Metals and other pollutants that exist in the marine environment partition into particular organs, according to their individual chemical characteristics. In shellfish, accumulation often occurs in the digestive gland, which plays a role in assimilation, excretion, and detoxification of contaminants. The concentrations of chemical contaminants in bivalve mollusks are known to fluctuate with the seasons.European regulations limit the amount and type of contaminants that can appear in foodstuffs. Current European standards regulate the levels of micro-biological agents, phycotoxins, and some chemical contaminants in food. Since 2006, these regulations have been compiled into the "Hygiene Package." Bivalve mollusks must comply with maximum levels of certain contaminants as follows:lead (1.5 mg kg-1), cadmium (1 mg kg-1), mercury (0.5 mg kg-1), dioxins (4 pg g-1 and dioxins + DL-PCBs 8 pg g-1), and benzo[a]pyrene (10 μp.g kg-1).In this review, we identify the levels of major contaminants that exist in shellfish(collected from the marine environment and/or in marketed shellfish). The follow-ing contaminants are among those that are profiled: Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Ni, Cr, V,Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Se, Mg, Mo, radionuclides, benzo[a]pyrene, PCBs, dioxins and furans, PAHs, TBT, HCB, dieldrin, DDT, lindane, triazines, PBDE, and chlorinated paraffins.In France, the results of contaminant monitoring have indicated that Cd, but not lead (< 0.26 mg kg-1) or mercury (< 0.003 mg kg-1), has had some non-compliances. Detections for PCBs and dioxins in shellfish were far below the regulatory thresholds in oysters (< 0.6 pg g-l), mussels (< 0.6 pg g-1), and king scallops (< 0.4 pg g-1). The benzo[a]pyrene concentration in marketed mussels and farmed shellfish does not exceed the regulatory threshold. Some monitoring data are available on shellfish flesh contamination for unregulated organic contaminants.Of about 100 existing organo stannic compounds, residues of the mono-, di-, and tributyltin (MBT, DBT, and TBT) and mono-, di-, and triphenyltin (MPT, DPT,and TPT) compounds are the most frequently detected in fishery products. Octyltins are not found in fishery products. Some bivalve mollusks show arsenic levels up to 15.8 mg kg-1. It seems that the levels of arsenic in the environment derive less from bioaccumulation, than from whether the arsenic is in an org...

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“…Peroxisome proliferators are widely distributed in the environment. Fibrates and lipid regulators as bezafibrate, gemfibrozil or clofibric acid are of potential concern due to their large use and persistence, and detected in high ng/L to low ug/L concentrations in surface water of rivers or costal zones, and in sewage effluents across Europe (Halling-Sorensen et al, 1998;Heberer, 2002;Walraven and Laane, 2009). In contrast to the knowledge on their environmental presence, little is known about their chronic effects on aquatic vertebrates, especially from marine ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%