Assessing the Correlation Between Patient-Specific Characteristics and Braden Pressure Injury Risk Score at a Suburban Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Abstract

Background and objectivePressure injury (PI) is a frequent complication of hospital admissions, and it increases healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. This study aimed to use the Braden scale to assess the PI risk among hospitalized patients without PI and determine its association with patient-specific factors. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at a suburban tertiary hospital involving a total of 211 hospitalized patients recruited during the study period (October 2022). Patients were assessed using the Braden scale and their sociodemographic data were also recorded. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 41.8 ±23.0 years and 54.0% of the patients were females. The average Braden score of the patients was 19.01 ±3.42, and more than half (58.3%) of the patients showed no risk while only 0.9% of the patients had a severe risk of PI. There was a statistically significant association between PI risk and patients' age (r=-0.353, R=12.5%, p<0.001), pre-admission occupation (F=10.290, p<0.001) as well as the ward of admission (F=11.915, p<0.001). However, gender and social support were not significantly associated. ConclusionThe age, pre-admission occupation, and ward of admission of patients were found to be significantly associated with the risk of developing PI. It is recommended that more resources be channeled toward preventing PI among high-risk patients in resource-limited settings.

Comparing the Waterlow and Jackson/Cubbin pressure injury risk scales in intensive care units: A multi‐centre study

“…It is reported 4 that the overall prevalence of PI in the ICU was 26.6% and ICU‐acquired prevalence was 16.2%, with data from 1117 ICUs (90 countries). PI has detrimental impacts on patients' physical, social and psychological health including decreases in quality of life, 5,6 causing infection 6–8 and pain, extending the length of hospital stay(average of 5–8 days per PI patient), 4 increasing morbidity, mortality and treatment burden 9 . Reportedly, PI treatment costs per patient per day in various contexts ranged from 1.71 € to 470.49 € 10 …”

“…PI has detrimental impacts on patients' physical, social and psychological health including decreases in quality of life, 5,6 causing infection [6][7][8] and pain, extending the length of hospital stay(average of 5-8 days per PI patient), 4 increasing morbidity, mortality and treatment burden. 9 Reportedly, PI treatment costs per patient per day in various contexts ranged from 1.71 € to 470.49 €. 10 A plethora of complexly interacting intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors with patient-related factors are the main reasons for the higher incidence of PIs in ICUs, 11 which included haemodynamic instability, limited activity and mobility, poor tissue perfusion, mechanical ventilation, medical history(cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, pneumonia), malnutrition, body temperature, low haemoglobin, continuous sedation and use of vasoactive drugs.…”