Assessing the Coagulation Factor Levels, Inherited Thrombophilia, and ABO Blood Group on the Risk for Venous Thrombosis Among Brazilians

Abstract

Increased coagulation factor levels have been demonstrated to be a risk factor for venous thromboembolism in patients of Caucasian origin. Coagulation factors, hereditary thrombophilia, and ABO blood group were evaluated for venous thrombosis risk in a heterogeneous Brazilian population consisting of 122 women and 53 men, with a median age of 36 years (range 13-63), matched to a control group by age, sex, and ethnicity. Increased levels of factor VIII (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-6.0), von Willebrand factor (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.4), non-O blood group (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4), and thrombophilia (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.6-7.1) emerged as independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism. The interaction of high levels of factor IX and factor XI with other independent variables increased the potential for thrombosis synergistically. Therefore, the ability of identifying underlying thrombophilia risk factors in our population was enhanced by the inclusion of these factors in the prothrombotic laboratory workup.

Justification of routine venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in head and neck cancer reconstructive surgery

“…Nevertheless, understanding and clinical application of antithrombin therapy among the Asian population is inadequate. High prevalence of natural blood anticoagulant proteins' (protein C, protein S, and antithrombin) deficiency were reported among Japanese, Taiwanese, and Thai populations . In addition, elevated FVIII and von Willebrand factor are frequently seen among American Chinese and Asian populations.…”

Racial differences in venous thromboembolism

“…The frequency of these mutations is up to 10% for FV Leiden and 3% for prothrombin G20210A in European populations, with a lesser prevalence in populations with European admixture (e.g. Latin Americans and African‐Americans), but they are virtually non‐existent in populations without European admixture [6,7,12,33]. In a registry study in the US, 14.7% of European‐ancestry and 1.5% of African‐ancestry participants with VTE had FV Leiden, and 3.6% vs. 0.3% of European vs. African‐ancestry participants with VTE had prothrombin G20210A.…”

“…Protein C levels appear lower in African‐Americans compared with European‐Americans but the role lower protein C levels have in VTE in African‐Americans is unknown [31,34,42]. A high prevalence of protein C and protein S deficiency have been reported in Japanese, Taiwanese and Thai populations with VTE and are reported in Brazilian populations with VTE [7,12,43–46]. In a healthy population, levels of procoagulant proteins FVIII and von Willebrand factor are higher in African‐Americans as compared with European‐Americans, but are similar among Americans of Chinese, Hispanic and European descent, and elevated FVIII is not rare among some Asian populations [31,46,47].…”

“…Genetics is thought to account for up to 60% of the risk of VTE, with the two known clinically evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with VTE risk (factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene polymorphism) found predominantly in European ancestry populations [3,6–9]. Abnormalities in coagulation such as deficiencies of protein C, protein S and antithrombin, and elevated factor (F) VIII and elevated FXI are at least partially heritable (heritability between 30% and 60%) and widely found in diverse populations but their role in the differential incidence of VTE by race is unknown [3,7,10–17]. Environmental risk factors for VTE such as hospitalization, surgery, cancer and obesity vary by race and geography, again with unknown consequences for the incidence of VTE [18–21].…”

Quarantine versus pathogen‐reduced plasma‐coagulation factor content and rotational thromboelastometry coagulation

“…Clinical‐grade FFP is considered a labile blood product for transfusion and must fulfill the standards and quality requirements as stated in the “Vorschriften Blutspende SRK Schweiz,” which relies on the “Guide to the Preparation, Use, and Quality Assurance of Blood Components” by the European Committee on Blood Transfusion . The content of functional plasma proteins is different between individuals and varies among donors between the ABO blood groups . Therefore, the ABO blood group needs to be considered when carrying out a comparative study of different FFP products by assessing the quantity and activity of plasma proteins as a surrogate for biological effectiveness of the respective FFP product.…”