Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Biochar from Willow Grown on Marginal Lands in Finland

Leppäkoski, Lauri; Marttila, Miika; Uusitalo, Ville; Levänen, Jarkko; Halonen, Vilma; Mikkilä, Mirja

doi:10.3390/su131810097

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…5a). Similarly, Leppäkoski et al (2021) calculated the carbon footprint of willow biochar production and application in marginal lands by conducting a cradle-to-grave LCA. Their results found that the carbon footprint of willow biochar was − 1875 kg CO 2e t −1 , in which carbon sequestration (− 1704 kg CO 2e t −1 ) dominated the carbon footprint.…”

Section: Biochar For Global Climate Change Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric analysis of biochar research in 2021: a critical review for development, hotspots and trend directions

Singh

Wang

et al. 2023

Biochar

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As a bioproduct from the thermal decomposition of biomass, biochar has various applications in diversified field. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to visualize the current research status and trends of biochar research. A total of 5535 documents were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection and subjected to visualization analysis for the biochar field's development in 2021 with CiteSpace software. The visual analysis results demonstrate that the number of publications expanded dramatically in 2021, and the growth trend would continue. China and USA were the most contributing countries in biochar research in terms of the number of publications. Based on the keyword co-occurrence analyses, “Biochar for toxic metal immobilization”, “Biochar-based catalyst for biofuel production”, “Biochar for global climate change mitigation”, “Biochar for salinity and drought stress amelioration”, “Biochar amendment in composting”, and “Biochar as additives in anaerobic digestion” were the main research trends and hotspots in this field in 2021. This indicates that the biochar research was multidisciplinary. Regarding the research hotspots, the employment of biochar as heterogeneous catalysts for biofuel production gained great attention in 2021. On the contrary, bioremediation using functional bacteria immobilized on biochar and biochar-assisted advanced oxidation process were well-studied but with less frequency than other topics in 2021. Furthermore, the future research was proposed for green and sustainable applications of biochar. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the research frontiers, the evolution of research hotspots, and potential future research directions in the biochar field. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Biochar For Global Climate Change Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric analysis of biochar research in 2021: a critical review for development, hotspots and trend directions

Singh

Wang

et al. 2023

Biochar

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“…Accepting the application of willow biochar in the entire area of agricultural arable land in the current territories, as well as knowing that Willow biochar could compensate 7.7 % of annual agricultural greenhouse gas emissions [86], however, in 2018, soil cultivation in Latvia generated 1547.4 kt CO2eq emissions [87], which was the largest sub-sector of GHG emissions in the agricultural sector in terms of emissions. It can be seen that the possibilities of sequestration could be as much as 119 kt CO2eq per year, but it should be noted that this calculation is idealized without in-depth research on those areas where such application of willow biochar would not be desirable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Assessment of Carbon Farming Solutions

Bumbiere

Sanchez

Pubule

et al. 2022

Environmental and Climate Technologies

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In the light of the Green Deal and its ‘Farm to Fork’ and ‘Biodiversity’ strategies, the EU aims to find new ways to decrease GHG emissions through the EU Carbon Farming initiative stating that farming practices that remove CO2 from the atmosphere should be rewarded in line with the development of new EU business models. The Carbon farming initiative is a new approach and concludes that carbon farming can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation. As European Commission acknowledges that carbon farming is in its infancy and there is a lot to be addressed, in the years towards 2030, result-based carbon farming plots and schemes should be settled by the Member States and local governments; therefore, the existing solutions for reducing emissions through improved farming practices should be defined for each region. The research identifies carbon farming solutions in the agriculture sector – minimal/zero tillage, carbon sequestration in soils, biogas and biomethane production, perennial plant growing, and agroforestry and described.

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“…Their use offers both environmental and economic benefits, including improvement of soil quality, ecosystem restoration, and sustainable bioenergy production (Volk et al 2004;Christersson 2011;González-García et al 2012;Isebrands et al 2014;Gkorezis et al 2016;Asad et al 2017;Ziegler-Devin et al 2019;Hepner et al 2021;Eadha 2022;Kaivapalu et al 2023). For example, in Finland, it has been estimated that Salix biochar production from all marginal lands could offset 7.7% of yearly agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (Leppäkoski et al 2021).…”

Section: Joensuu January 2024mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of survival, growth, and phytoremediation potential of Populus and Salix seedlings grown in polluted soils

Salam

2024

Diss. For.

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The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the survival, growth, and phytoremediation potential of Populus and Salix seedlings grown in polluted soils. More specifically, the following topics were studied: (1) the survival and growth of two European aspen clones and four hybrid aspen clones grown in control soil (pristine), old creosote soil polluted with hydrocarbons, and pristine soil spiked with fresh diesel oil at three different planting densities in a greenhouse over two growing seasons (Article I); (2) the survival, growth, and hydrocarbon removal of three European aspen clones and seven hybrid aspen clones grown in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs)) under field conditions over 4 years (Article II); and (3) the growth and metal accumulation ability of Salix psammophila seedlings with bamboo biochar (BBC) amendment at ratios of 0–7% in soils heavily contaminated by Cd and Zn in a pot experiment over 180 days (Article III). In study I (Article I), the survival rates of European aspen and hybrid aspen clone seedlings were 70–100% in control soil, 99% in the old creosote-contaminated soil, and 22–59% in the diesel-contaminated soil across all planting densities. The heights of aspen seedlings were 5–44% and 9–38% lower and the stem dry biomass was 9–93% and 34–63% lower in diesel-contaminated and creosote-contaminated soils, respectively, compared to the control. Low plant density increased survival rates and growth compared to higher density treatments. Of all the clones, hybrid aspen clones 14 and 291 and European aspen clone R3 showed reasonable survival and growth across all treatments. Soil treatment, planting density, and clone type significantly affected survival rate, height, and stem dry biomass (p < 0.05). In study II (Article II), the highest survival rates in old creosote-contaminated soils were in clone 291 (72%) among hybrid aspen clones and clone R3 (70%) among European aspen clones. Hybrid aspen clones 14 and 34 had 16–211% greater heights than other hybrid aspen clones. The height of European aspen clone R3 was also 25‒35% greater than that of other European aspen clones. However, clone type did not significantly affect seedling survival or height (p > 0.05). Among hybrid aspen clones, clone 134 had the largest hydrocarbon removal at a depth of 5–10 cm and clone 191 at a depth of 10–50 cm. Clone 14 also showed potential for removing hydrocarbons at both soil depths. In European aspen clones, clone R2 had the highest hydrocarbon removal at both soil depths. However, all clones showed an ability to remove total PAHs and TPHs from the soil (but p < 0.05 only at a soil depth of 5–10 cm). The reduction in hydrocarbon levels in the soil was more prominent at a soil depth of 5–10 cm than at a depth of 10–50 cm. Based on studies I and II, European aspen and hybrid aspen clones can be considered candidates for the remediation of soils polluted with PAHs and TPHs. In study III (Article III), BBC ratios of 1% and 5% resulted in only slight decreases in characteristics, especially height (0.6‒1.3%) but also total dry biomass (2‒10%), of S. psammophila seedlings compared to the control, whereas BBC 3% increased these measurements slightly (2% increase). BBC 7% reduced the height (16%) and total dry biomass (26%) of seedlings compared to the control. BBC amendment increased the accumulation of Cu, Cd, and Zn in different plant tissues, especially Cd and Zn accumulation (23‒30% and 13‒24%, respectively), in the BBC 3% treatment compared to the control. Based on these findings, S. psammophila with BBC amendment can be considered a candidate for phytoremediation. However, metal accumulation in the roots, stems, and leaves was not significantly affected by the BBC 1‒7% treatments (p > 0.05), except for Pb accumulation in the roots and Cu accumulation in the stem (p < 0.05). Overall, hybrid aspen, European aspen, and S. psammophila seedlings showed reasonable survival and growth, photosynthetic activity, efficient hydrocarbon removal from soil and metal accumulation ability both under greenhouse conditions and in a field experiment. Therefore, these species could be used to depollute areas affected by a range of hydrocarbons or Cd and Zn. However, future research should be conducted in the field to verify the abilities of hybrid and European aspens and S. psammophila to remediate soil contaminated by hydrocarbons, Cd, or Zn, and such studies should also use different planting densities and soil amendments over longer periods.

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Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Biochar from Willow Grown on Marginal Lands in Finland

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Bibliometric analysis of biochar research in 2021: a critical review for development, hotspots and trend directions

Bibliometric analysis of biochar research in 2021: a critical review for development, hotspots and trend directions

Development and Assessment of Carbon Farming Solutions

Evaluation of survival, growth, and phytoremediation potential of Populus and Salix seedlings grown in polluted soils

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