Assessing the brake particle emissions for sustainable transport: A review

Wang, Yachao; Yin, Hang; Yang, Zhen; Su, Sheng; Hao, Lijun; Tan, Jianwei; Wang, Xin; Zhihui, Niu; Ge, Yunshan

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112737

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The behaviour of the obtained PN data matches the observations of BW emissions in the literature [6,30,33] that particles are observed in significant quantities after the BDT exceeds a threshold temperature. We furthermore observed that the level of particle emissions was repeatable and constant in terms of the PSD and PN in our measurements from the third cycle on, after the BDT reached temperatures around 400 • C. This behaviour is illustrated in Figure 4a and was observed for every measured set.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Driving the cycle with a vehicle is not possible, so this study can give an estimation of the maximum wear emissions from brakes and tyres. Furthermore, the achieved BDTs of around 400 • C are achievable but not commonly anticipated for passenger car usage and are also not accounted for in the WLTP brake cycle [18,19,32], although the critical temperatures for ultrafine particle emissions are considered below or around 200 • C [6,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement and Analysis of Brake and Tyre Particle Emissions from Automotive Series Components for High-Load Driving Tests on a Wheel and Suspension Test Bed

Kupper,

Schubert,

Nachtnebel

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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A current challenge in realising clean road transport is non-exhaust emissions. Important advances regarding measurement systems, including well-defined characterisation techniques, as well as regulation, will be made in the next few years. In this work, we present the detailed results of particle emission analyses, consisting of aerosol (size distribution, particle number (PN), and mass (PM)) and electron microscopy (EM) measurements, under different load conditions on a test bed for a wheel suspension and brakes. Standard tyres and brakes from serial production were tested with a high-load driving cycle, while particle measurements were conducted by gravimetric measurements and with a TSI SMPS, a TSI APS, and a GRIMM OPS. Furthermore, samples were analysed by electron microscopy. A bimodal particle size distribution (PSD) was obtained with an SMPS, with peaks at 20nm and around 400nm. The results of an EM analysis of >1400 single particles from the electrostatic sampler match the PSD results. The EM analysis also showed ultrafine particles, mainly containing O, Fe, Si, Ba, Mg, and S, and also fractal particles with high-C fractions. Our results suggest, in agreement with the previously published literature, that particulate emissions are related to the brake disc temperature and occur in significant amounts above a threshold temperature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Analysis of Brake and Tyre Particle Emissions from Automotive Series Components for High-Load Driving Tests on a Wheel and Suspension Test Bed

Kupper,

Schubert,

Nachtnebel

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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“…Riva et al [11] conducted simulation tests on the wear particle emissions of low metal and asbestos free organic material (NAO) brake pads using a pin-on-disc tribometer method, and tested the brake particle emissions under 12 nominal pressure and sliding speed combinations. The test results show a three peak distribution of particulate matter emissions from brake wear, with peak particle sizes ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 μm [12,13] .…”

Section: Test Methods For Particulate Matter Emissions From Brake Wea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Test method for particulate matter emissions from brake wear of light-duty vehicles: A review

Wei,

Wu,

Jing

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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The Euro 7 emission standards for light-duty vehicles released at the end of 2022 have for the first time restricted the emission of non exhaust particulate matter from vehicles, which has attracted widespread attention from brake and tire manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers. Prior to this, there were few reports on the testing methods for brake wear particulate matter emissions in China, and most of them focused on studying the emission characteristics and composition of brake wear particulate matter emissions. This article reviews the testing methods for particulate matter emissions from light-duty vehicle braking wear at home and abroad, including methods based on inertia dyno bench, operating loss sealed chamber, actual road and pin-on-disc tribometer.

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“…The GTR 24 was developed by the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) informal working group under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE), which started working on the topic in 2013. Until that period, there were only a few reviews [32], but since 2011 there have been numerous studies on brake emissions [22,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Duty Vehicle Brake Emission Factors

Giechaskiel,

Grigoratos,

Dilara

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Particulate Matter (PM) air pollution has been linked to major adverse health effects. Road transport still contributes significantly to ambient PM concentrations, but mainly due to the non-exhaust emissions from vehicles. For the first time worldwide, limits for non-exhaust emissions have been proposed by the European Union for the upcoming Euro 7 step. For these reasons, interest in brake emissions has increased in the past few years. Realistic emission factors are necessary to accurately calculate the contribution of brake emissions to air pollution but also to estimate the emissions reduction potential of new or existing technologies and improved brake formulations. This paper reviews emission factors from light-duty vehicles reported in the literature, with a focus on those that followed the recently introduced Global Technical Regulation (GTR 24) methodology on brakes in light-duty vehicles. Reduction efficiencies of non-asbestos organic (NAO) pads, brake dust filters, ceramic discs, coated discs, and regenerative braking are also discussed. Finally, the emission factors are compared with roadside measurements of brake emissions and emission inventories worldwide. The findings of this study can be used as an input in emission inventories to estimate the contribution of brakes to air pollution.

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Assessing the brake particle emissions for sustainable transport: A review

Cited by 11 publications

References 83 publications

Measurement and Analysis of Brake and Tyre Particle Emissions from Automotive Series Components for High-Load Driving Tests on a Wheel and Suspension Test Bed

Measurement and Analysis of Brake and Tyre Particle Emissions from Automotive Series Components for High-Load Driving Tests on a Wheel and Suspension Test Bed

Test method for particulate matter emissions from brake wear of light-duty vehicles: A review

Light-Duty Vehicle Brake Emission Factors

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