Assessing the applicability of a new carob waste-derived powdered activated carbon to control pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater treatment

Viegas, R.M. C.; Mestre, Ana S.; Mesquita, E.; Campinas, Margarida; Andrade, Marta A.; Carvalho, Ana P.; Rosa, Maria João

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140791

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…SecEf turbidity was 2.3 NTU. These results were in the range of those reported for other urban WWTPs in Portugal [35] and in Spain [36] and show that this was a well-clarified and treated urban secondary effluent. This sample was filtered through 0.45 µm, polypropylene membrane (GH Polypro, Pall Corporation, Madrid, Spain) and then kept frozen until the assay day.…”

Section: Materials Reagents and Solventssupporting

confidence: 83%

Solar Light-Induced Methylene Blue Removal over TiO2/AC Composites and Photocatalytic Regeneration

et al. 2021

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TiO2-containing photocatalysts, which combine TiO2 with carbon-based materials, are promising materials for wastewater treatment due to synergistic photodegradation and adsorption phenomena. In this work, TiO2/AC composites were produced by the in situ immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles over activated carbon (AC) derived from spent coffee grains, using different TiO2/AC proportions. The TiO2/AC composites were tested as adsorbents (dark) and as photocatalysts in a combined adsorption+photocatalytic process (solar irradiation) for methylene blue (MB) removal from ultrapure water, and from a secondary effluent (SecEf) of an urban wastewater treatment plant. All the materials were characterized by XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms at −196 °C, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), TPD (temperature programmed desorption), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). The TiAC60 (60% C) composite presented the lowest band gap (1.84 eV), while, for TiAC29 (29% C), the value was close to that of bare TiO2 (3.18 vs. 3.17 eV). Regardless of the material, the solar irradiation improved the percentage of MB discolouration when compared to adsorption in dark conditions. In the case of simultaneous adsorption+photocatalytic assays performed in ultrapure water, TiAC29 presented the fastest MB removal. Nevertheless, both TiAC29 and TiAC60 led to excellent MB removal percentages (96.1–98.1%). UV-induced photoregeneration was a promising strategy to recover the adsorption capacity of the materials, especially for TiAC60 and AC (>95%). When the assays were performed in SecEf, all the materials promoted discolouration percentages close to those obtained in ultrapure water. The bulk water parameters revealed that TiAC60 allowed the removal of a higher amount of MB, associated with the overall improvement of the SecEf quality.

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Section: Materials Reagents and Solventssupporting

confidence: 83%

Solar Light-Induced Methylene Blue Removal over TiO2/AC Composites and Photocatalytic Regeneration

et al. 2021

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“…W2 presents a somehow higher DOC content (+38%) and higher turbidity and A254 content (+167%), the latter parameter indicating a potentially higher pesticide-NOM competition for PAC adsorption, since PAC is known to preferentially adsorb A254-absorbing compounds [33,34]. [35]. PAC SA Super is alkaline at working pH (point of zero charge (pH pzc ) of 11.3), presenting an average PAC particle of 15 µm, a surface area of 1126 m 2 /g and a total pore volume of 0.83 cm 3 /g.…”

Section: Intake Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Process of Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic MF for Removing Pesticides in Drinking Water Treatment—Inline vs. Contact Tank PAC Dosing

et al. 2021

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Two pilot trials of powdered activated carbon (PAC)/(coagulation)/ceramic microfiltration were conducted to compare continuous 10–12 mg/L PAC inline dosing with 8–10 mg/L dosing to a 2 h-contact tank. Two low turbidity/low natural organic matter (NOM, total organic carbon <2 mg C/L) surface waters spiked with 7.2–10.3 µg/L total-pesticides were tested and the dosing options were compared towards operational performance, average removal of pesticides and NOM and costs. Removal differences between the two PAC dosing options depended on pesticides’ amenability to adsorption and NOM characteristics (254 nm absorbance, A254). Waters containing low A254-absorbing NOM and only pesticides amenable to adsorption showed very high removals (all pesticides ≥93%) and no significant differences between the two PAC dosing options. Waters containing higher A254-absorbing NOM and high loads of pesticides less amenable to adsorption (dimethoate, bentazone) required higher inline PAC dose. Those or more severe conditions may require PAC doses higher than tested to comply with the Drinking Water Directive limits for pesticides. Cost analysis showed PAC inline dosing is more cost-effective than PAC dosing to the contact tank when identical PAC dose is sufficient or when the doses are low, even if 50% higher for inline dosing, and the plant is small.

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“…Even though amine functionalized carbon delivered the poorest adsorptive performance, it showed high selectivity for paroxetine (PAR) and venlafaxine (VEN). 278 Recently reported examples for the elimination of pharmaceuticals using carbon precursors include cotton textile waste, 279 carob waste, 280 pomegranate peel, 281 cherry kernels 282 and argan nutshells. 283 Apart from pharmaceutical compounds, biomass/wastederived porous carbons have also been inspected by many researchers for the removal of pesticides, 284 phosphates, 285 caffeine 286 and oil pollutants.…”

Section: Environmental Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advancement of biomass-derived porous carbon based materials for energy and environmental remediation applications

et al. 2022

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Assessing the applicability of a new carob waste-derived powdered activated carbon to control pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater treatment

Cited by 32 publications

References 56 publications

Solar Light-Induced Methylene Blue Removal over TiO2/AC Composites and Photocatalytic Regeneration

Solar Light-Induced Methylene Blue Removal over TiO2/AC Composites and Photocatalytic Regeneration

Hybrid Process of Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic MF for Removing Pesticides in Drinking Water Treatment—Inline vs. Contact Tank PAC Dosing

Recent advancement of biomass-derived porous carbon based materials for energy and environmental remediation applications

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