Assessing the accuracy of perceptions of intelligence based on heritable facial features

Lee, Anthony J.; Hibbs, Courtney; Wright, Margaret J.; Martin, Nicholas G.; Zietsch, Brendan P.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2017.06.002

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…It is possible (although not yet investigated) that individuals subconsciously infer intelligence of others from their head size. Perceptions of intelligence (Kleisner, Chvátalová, & Flegr, 2014;Lee et al, 2017), and actual intelligence (Lee et al, 2017) is related to larger distance between the eyes and this distance is positively correlated with head size (Fledelius, 1982). Perhaps individuals with high levels of the adaptive facet of narcissism have stronger intuition about what the opposite sex finds attractive, and tune their head size estimations to reflect this.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mine is Bigger than Yours! Narcissism Predicts Biases in Perceived Head Size

Lyons

Blinkhorn²,

Collier³

et al. 2019

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The expression big headed is often used to describe narcissists, however is it possible that this term signals a bias in how narcissists perceive themselves? We tested whether narcissistic traits predicted biases in the estimated size and weight of specific body parts, including head circumference and brain weight. In two questionnaire-based studies, participants estimated the size or weight of parts of their body. In Study 1 (n = 316), we found that the Leadership/Authority facet of narcissism significantly predicted greater estimates of head circumference in men, but lower estimates of head circumference in women. In Study 2 (n = 275), we found that when a sexspecific average head circumference was not provided, Leadership/Authority predicted greater estimates of head circumference overall. We present evidence that narcissism predicts biases in estimated head size and brain weight, but that the precise nature of these biases is dependent on the provided frame of reference for body size. These results are discussed with reference to within-sex competitive strategies, perceived intelligence and stereotypes for male and female attra ctiveness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mine is Bigger than Yours! Narcissism Predicts Biases in Perceived Head Size

Lyons

Blinkhorn²,

Collier³

et al. 2019

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“…Был разработан дизайн исследования, в котором в качестве задачи была выбрана оценка интеллекта человека по его фотографии, так как при вынесении подобных суждений люди могут неявно опираться на различные физиогномические показатели (cм., например, (Lee et al, 2017)). Фотографии, предъявляемые в настоящем исследовании, были подобраны так, чтобы неявным образом подсказывать участникам, следует ли оценить человека на фотографии как обладающего скорее высоким или скорее низким интеллектом.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The influence of confabulations about the reasons for the choice on the formation of false memories

Gershkovich,

Tikhonov,

Bystrova

et al. 2023

Vestnik SPbSU. Psychology

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The article examines the causes of the choice blindness aftereffect on the formation of false memories. Several studies have shown that when individuals provide reasons for a choice they did not actually make, their memories shift towards the invented justifications (confabulations). The aim of this study is to contrast the explanation of the mnemonic aftereffect of choice blindness in terms of cognitive dissonance theory with explanations in terms of recency and verbalization effects. In the experiment, we compared two situations: one where participants justified evaluations contradicting their initial opinions, and another where they justified evaluations but attributed them to their partners’ opinions. It was hypothesized that if self-justification induces cognitive dissonance, participants who confabulated reasons for choices believed to be their own would exhibit more false memories regarding the original choice compared to those who believed they justified their partner’s opinion. The first stage involved participants evaluating the IQ of women based on their photos. In the second stage they had to explain the reasons for the evaluations (either considering it their own choice or partner’s). Half of the evaluations submitted for explanations contradicted the previously issued ones (low evaluations changed to high ones and vice versa). In the third stage, the participants had to remember the original evaluation. A change in the pole of perceived IQ judgments was measured. The results confirmed the presence of the choice blindness effect. The effect of false memories was found only in the group that considered the presented evaluations to be their own opinions.

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“…D. Reynolds, Arcy, & Gifford, 2001), there is some evidence to suggest that intelligence may be signalled somewhat accurately through facial shape (Carney, Colvin, & Hall, 2007;Zebrowitz & Rhodes, 2004; though see Borkenau & Liebler, 1995;Olivola & Todorov, 2010). Lee et al (2017) used measured intelligence (IQ), perceived intelligence from photographs, and facial morphometric data from twins to test for a shared genetic basis to the relationship between perceived and actual intelligence. Both measured and perceived intelligence were heritable (77% and 37% respectively), though no shared genetic variation was detected.…”

Section: Re-evaluating Approaches To the Genetic Benefits And Parentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Evolutionary Hypotheses Regarding Individual Differences in Human Mating Strategies

Sherlock¹

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Finding and attracting a mate is an enormous component of human life, and indeed the life of all sexually reproducing organisms. In this search, we share many common goals in attaining a partner. For instance, most people typically seek a partner who is kind, attractive, and funny. Yet, we also differ remarkably in the traits that we desire in our partners and what drives us towards choosing some mates over others. This variation represents somewhat of a Darwinian paradox, as selection typically reduces variation in traits under strong selection, such as those relating to mating strategy. To resolve this paradox, evolutionary psychologists have proposed adaptive mechanisms that cause variation in mating strategy in response to environmental contingencies. In this thesis, I present tests of a number of these hypotheses, and integrate approaches from evolutionary behavioural genetics to provide alternative explanations as to how variation in mating strategy arises.Firstly, I review broad evolutionary approaches to explaining variation in psychological traits. Specifically, I introduce evolutionary literature regarding a proposed trade-off between parenting traits and signals of genetic quality in males that permeates approaches to various aspects of mate choice. Evidence for and against this trade-off is reviewed in the context of the maintenance of variation in facial masculinity in males and inter-partner variation in female orgasm frequency during penetrative sex. I then introduce behavioural genetics as an approach to understanding both genetic and environmental causes of variation in human mating strategy.In my first empirical study, I present a paper testing evolutionary hypotheses regarding female variation in orgasm frequency in response to male characteristics. Where previous research has focused on women reporting on a single partner and observing male characteristics across the sample, this paper had females report on partners with whom orgasm was easy and with whom orgasm was difficult. This controls for the possibility of confounds relating to between-subject studies and increases our power to detect male traits associated with orgasm over and above between women differences. Furthermore, the study also included measures of male sexual behaviour, as these are highly likely to be related to female orgasmability. We showed mixed support for evolutionary theories regarding variation in the female orgasm, but were unable to distinguish the two leading hypotheses. Additionally, we found important contributions of male sexual behaviour to female orgasm. Consequently, little can be inferred about the role of variation in the evolution of the female orgasm. However, we demonstrate that within-subjects designs are able to detect between-partner variance with high resolution. We also demonstrate that future studies need account for male sexual behaviour when attempting to explain adaptive variation in female orgasm between different male partners.ii I then present a paper providing evidence that facial ...

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Assessing the accuracy of perceptions of intelligence based on heritable facial features

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Mine is Bigger than Yours! Narcissism Predicts Biases in Perceived Head Size

Mine is Bigger than Yours! Narcissism Predicts Biases in Perceived Head Size

The influence of confabulations about the reasons for the choice on the formation of false memories

Testing Evolutionary Hypotheses Regarding Individual Differences in Human Mating Strategies

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