Assessing risks to adults and preschool children posed by PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a biomass burning episode in Northern Thailand

Pongpiachan, Siwatt; Tipmanee, Danai; Khumsup, Chukkapong; Kittikoon, Itthipon; Hirunyatrakul, Phoosak

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.019

Cited by 101 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…During this time, the daily average concentrations of ambient air PM 10 (particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter) in the eight provinces of upper northern Thailand have exceeded Thailand's national ambient air quality standard (120 μg/m 3 ) for more than twenty days per year since 2007(PCD, 2015. In addition, the maximum concentrations were 2-4 times higher than the standard and may pose a health risk to residents due to over exposure to airborne particulate-bound PAHs (Phornwisetsirikun et al, 2014;Pongpiachan et al, 2015;Naksen et al, 2017). Prior research from the analysis of some selected ions in PM 10 have suggested that the sources of air pollutants during the dry season probably came from fuel combustion and agricultural activities (Chantara et al, 2012;Sillapapiromsuk et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Kiatwattanacharoen¹,

Prapamontol²,

Singharat³

et al. 2017

CMUJNS

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This study explored the sources of PM 10 in the smoke haze during the traditional burning season in northern Thailand by determining the characteristics of the atomic elements in PM 10 compared to known plant samples. The ambient air was collected from two sites (urban and peri-urban) in the Chiang MaiLamphun Basin. This was compared to the characteristics of the leaves from eight agricultural and forest plants predominant in the region: bamboo, grass, teak, yangna, corn, longan, lychee, and rice that were collected and burned in a combustion chamber to collect the resultant PM 10 . The elements -Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, and Fe -were analyzed by PIXE, SEM-EDS, and μ-SXRF. Morphologies of PM 10 particles were analyzed by SEM. The concentrations of the elements in the PM 10 of the ambient air samples correlated highly with the PM 10 from the combustion of teak, yangna, and corn leaves. The results of principal component analysis (PCA), correlations, and morphological characteristics analyzed by SEM also showed that the ambient air PM 10 belonged to the same group as the PM 10 from combustion of teak, yangna, and corn. A HYSPLIT trajectory model indicated that the ambient air PM 10 in the Chiang Mai -Lamphun Basin was derived primarily from hotspots on the Thai-Myanmar border driven by southwest winds, as well as some hotspots in the basin itself. This study has shown that open burning of plant sources, both forest and agricultural, particularly along the Thai-Myanmar border to the southwest, is a primary source of the smoke haze in the Chiang Mai -Lamphun Basin during the dry season.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Kiatwattanacharoen¹,

Prapamontol²,

Singharat³

et al. 2017

CMUJNS

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“…One of the many crucial aspects of the PM 10 study in ambient air is predominantly related to its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity (Pongpiachan 2013a, b;Pongpiachan et al 2013Pongpiachan et al , 2015a. Another interesting issue is deeply connected to the chemical compositions of metals in PM 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of selected metals in the ambient air PM10 in urban sites of Bangkok (Thailand)

Pongpiachan

Iijima

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Estimating the atmospheric concentrations of PM10-bounded selected metals in urban air is crucial for evaluating adverse health impacts. In the current study, a combination of measurements and multivariate statistical tools was used to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities on variations in the contents of 18 metals (i.e., Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, La, Ce and Pb) in ambient air. The concentrations of PM10-bounded metals were measured simultaneously at eight air quality observatory sites during a half-year period at heavily trafficked roads and in urban residential zones in Bangkok, Thailand. Although the daily average concentrations of Al, V, Cr, Mn and Fe were almost equivalent to those of other urban cities around the world, the contents of the majority of the selected metals were much lower than the existing ambient air quality guidelines and standard limit values. The sequence of average values of selected metals followed the order of Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Mn > Ba > V > Sb > Ni > As > Cr > Cd > Se > Ce > La > Co > Sc. The probability distribution function (PDF) plots showed sharp symmetrical bell-shaped curves in V and Cr, indicating that crustal emissions are the predominant sources of these two elements in PM10. The comparatively low coefficients of divergence (COD) that were found in the majority of samples highlight that site-specific effects are of minor importance. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that 37.74, 13.51 and 11.32 % of the total variances represent crustal emissions, vehicular exhausts and the wear and tear of brakes and tires, respectively.

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“…Gupta et al (2011) collected airborne PM with a five-stage airborne PM sampler and reported that PAHs was unimodal distributed among the five particle sizes while the stage in the smallest particle size had the highest concentrations of PAHs. There are also numbers of works devoted to the risk assessment of PAHs associated with airborne PM (Gerlofs-Nijland et al 2009;Jiang et al 2014;Li et al 2014;Pongpiachan et al 2015). The establishment and development of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (BaP eq ) along with toxic equivalence factors (TEFs) have contributed to the recognition of the carcinogenic properties of PAHs (Zhu et al 2014;Gao et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment Coupled with Gas/Particle Partitioning Theory and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with Size-Segregated Airborne Particulate Matter

Zhai

Zhu

et al. 2016

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in airborne particulate matter (PM) collected by an eight-stage (S0, S1, …, S7, and SF) particle sizing sampler in three sampling periods, 85 h (85-h) each period. The measured particle-phase PAHs (Ponly) data set and the sum of predicted gas-phase and measured particle phase PAHs (predicted G + P) data set considering the effect of gas/particle partitioning were used in positive matrix factorization (PMF) for source apportionment. Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (BaP eq ) and incremental life cancer risk (ILCR) model were utilized for risk assessment of PAHs. The average concentrations of 85-h PM 10 and PM 2.1 were 292.729 and 142.642 μg/m 3 , respectively. The average concentration of 15 PAHs was 480.777 ng/m 3 in PM 10 and 254.464 ng/m 3 in PM 2.1 . PAHs showed unimodal distribution among the nine sampling stages and S5 collected the most concentrations of PAHs and PM. PAHs with over four aromatic rings tended to accumulate in fine PM especially in S5 and S6 while PAHs with less than four rings preferred to stay in coarse PM especially in S0. A four source profiles for P-only were identified by PMF as follows with their source contributions: biomass burning (BB) (9.580 %), coal combustion (CC) (10.600 %), Bair-surface exchange( 20.160 %), and vehicle emission (VE) (59.660 %). However, three source profiles for predicted G + P only identified including BB (93.330 %), CC (0.0600 %), and VE (6.610 %). The average 85-h average total BaP eq of 15 PAHs was 5.226 g/m 3 . S4, S5, and S6 had BaP eq concentrations greater than domestic standard concentration and ILCR value higher than 10 −6 .

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Assessing risks to adults and preschool children posed by PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a biomass burning episode in Northern Thailand

Cited by 101 publications

References 60 publications

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Assessment of selected metals in the ambient air PM10 in urban sites of Bangkok (Thailand)

Source Apportionment Coupled with Gas/Particle Partitioning Theory and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with Size-Segregated Airborne Particulate Matter

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