Assessing risk to groundwater quality using an integrated risk framework

Simpson, Mike W. M.; Allen, D. M.; Journeay, Murray

doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2886-x

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The results of the environmental risk assessment were not absolute [17], but the risk assessment of iron stability in this study was relative. The changing between the different water quality factors and the same water quality factors in different values had different effects on the iron stability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Risk assessment methodology for iron stability under water quality factors based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

et al. 2020

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Background Changing water quality was prevalent in the current water supply. The fluctuation of iron stability due to changing water quality followed four characteristics: objectivity, relativity, predictability, and controllability. Therefore, it was necessary to study the stability of iron in the pipe network by integrating different water quality factors. Results The iron stability risk evaluation system was established according to the different water quality factors in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). Meanwhile, an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was established to evaluate the risk of iron. Chloride, sulfate, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and pH were selected as the risk assessment index. The divisions of different evaluation levels were carried out through the values of water quality factor. On the basis of expert scoring, the weight and membership degree of water quality factors were analyzed by structural entropy method. In addition, risk analysis was established by using the optimized risk assessment system. According to the results of the comprehensive evaluation, DOM and pH were identified as two of the most important factors in the evaluation of the iron stability. In addition, compared with the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the optimized method had a higher degree of fit which could more clearly prove the relationship between the risk value and the iron concentration. Conclusion The uncertainty between the factors was eliminated by establishment of the fuzzy evaluation method combined with the different effects of water factors on iron stability. The method could be used as a comprehensive evaluation and be beneficial to the analysis of iron risk in water supply network.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…V DOC = v slr , v smr , v ger , v grr , v sir = {(0, 4), (4, 8), (8,12), (12,16), (16, 20)}, (17) V pH = v slr , v smr , v ger , v grr , v sir = {(8.0, 8.5), (7.5, 8.0), (7.0, 7.5), (6.5, 7.0), (6.0, 6.5)}.…”

Section: Variable Fuzzy Evaluation Model For Iron Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment methodology for iron stability under water quality factors based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

et al. 2020

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“…For resource protection, the target is the groundwater surface in the aquifer under consideration, and for source protection, it is the water in the well or spring [25]. Several studies have recently stressed the importance of assessing risk to groundwater contamination for formulating efficient measures for risk reduction [27][28][29]. However, in contrast to the frequent application of groundwater vulnerability models, the studies of the risk of groundwater contamination are less common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the regional significance of the Varažding aquifer system, it is of utmost importance to attain a good qualitative status of the aquifer system as a prerequisite for sustainable management of groundwater resources. Therefore, the Several studies have recently stressed the importance of assessing risk to groundwater contamination for formulating efficient measures for risk reduction [27][28][29]. However, in contrast to the frequent application of groundwater vulnerability models, the studies of the risk of groundwater contamination are less common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability and Risk of Contamination of the Varaždin Aquifer System, NW Croatia

Larva,

Brkić,

Marković

2023

Sustainability

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This paper presents the first study that assesses the vulnerability and risk of contamination of groundwater in the Varaždin aquifer system. The alluvial aquifer system is mostly unconfined with favorable hydrogeological features. Out of three wellfields, two still operate at full capacity, while the Varaždin wellfield, once the major source of drinking water, has been abandoned due to high concentrations of nitrates in the groundwater. Index-based methods are employed to assess groundwater vulnerability—two DRASTIC-based methods, standard and P-DRASTIC; two SINTACS-based methods, with normal and severe weighting strings; and the GOD method. Hazard is evaluated according to recommendations from the EU COST 620 action, while the risk intensity of the resource is calculated using the results of vulnerability and hazard assessments. The results reveal that for all vulnerability models, the resulting maps have a similar distribution pattern of vulnerability classes, with the high vulnerability class prevailing. However, notwithstanding the generally high groundwater vulnerability, a moderate resource contamination risk prevails as a consequence of a dominantly low hazard index. The validation of the groundwater vulnerability models demonstrates a weak correlation between the vulnerability indices and mean nitrate concentrations in groundwater. Conversely, a significantly higher correlation coefficient (0.58) is obtained when the groundwater vulnerability index is replaced by the resource risk intensity index, indicating that the results of resource risk intensity assessments are superior to groundwater vulnerability results in predicting the level of groundwater contamination.

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“…SWI). Simpson et al (2014) developed a risk assessment framework for water protection purposes in the Township of Langley, in British Columbia, Canada. They studied risk assessment with respect to groundwater quality associated with different land uses at the ground surface due to manmade interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A risk-based groundwater modeling framework in coastal aquifers: a case study on Long Island, New York, USA

2020

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A methodology is proposed to define indices for quantifying risks under the threat of reducing in groundwater levels, the existence of saltwater intrusion (SWI), and an increasing nitrate contamination load in submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). The proposed methodology considers coastal regions under geological heterogeneity and it is tested on a groundwater system in Nassau County of Long Island, New York (USA). The numerical model is constructed with the SEAWAT code. The parameter uncertainty of this model is evaluated by coupling the Latin hypercube sampling method (as a sampling algorithm) and Monte Carlo simulation to consider the uncertainty in both hydraulic conductivity and recharge rate. The indices are presented in spatial maps that classify areas of risk to potential threats. The results show that two of the water districts have a high risk under conditions of decreasing groundwater level. Salinity occurs in the southern and southwestern parts of the Nassau County aquifer and a considerable area of high risk of SWI is identified. Furthermore, the average SGD rate with the associated fluxes of nitrate is estimated as 81.4 million m3/year (average 0.8 tons of nitrate through SGD per year), which can adversely affect the quality of life in the local coastal ecosystems. The framework developed in this study could help the water district managers to identify high-risk areas for short-term and long-term planning and is applicable to other coastal settings.

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Assessing risk to groundwater quality using an integrated risk framework

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Risk assessment methodology for iron stability under water quality factors based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Risk assessment methodology for iron stability under water quality factors based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Vulnerability and Risk of Contamination of the Varaždin Aquifer System, NW Croatia

A risk-based groundwater modeling framework in coastal aquifers: a case study on Long Island, New York, USA

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