Assessing Recidivism Risk Across Female Pathways to Crime

Reisig, Michael D.; Holtfreter, Kristy; Morash, Merry

doi:10.1080/07418820600869152

Cited by 231 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The "economically motivated women" usually commit crimes out of financial motivation. Reisig, Holtfreter, and Morash (2006) found that the economically motivated women did not share unique experiences of abuse characterized by the other typologies, and the crimes of these offenders most closely resembled those of male offenders. Daly's feminist theory of crime suggests that females may have different pathways to crime, some of which are unique to the gender, and one (economically motivated) that closely resembles male offending.…”

Section: Gender-specific Theories Of Crimementioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, not all studies have found that the LSI-R was equally effective in predicting female recidivism. In contrast, Reisig, Holtfreter, and Morash (2006) tested the LSI-R on a sample of female offenders and found that it only predicted recidivism for females whose crimes resembled male crimes (economically motivated in Daly's theory) and that recidivism was not predicted accurately for the other gendered pathways.…”

Section: The Youth Level Of Service Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender and Risk Assessment in Juvenile Offenders: A Meta-Analysis

Pusch

Holtfreter

2017

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Although young males are still the primary perpetrators of juvenile crime, girls are increasingly coming into contact with the criminal justice system. While girls may have different pathways to crime and risks for recidivism than boys, their risk to reoffend is typically assessed using a gender-neutral tool that is based on social learning theory: a theory originally developed and tested on males. With the appropriateness of using gender-neutral tools to assess female criminality coming into question, a number of researchers have searched for a resolution. To date, mixed findings on the predictive validity of risk assessment tools have not provided any definitive answers. To help assess the predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service Inventory, separate meta-analyses were conducted for male and female juvenile offenders using previous studies. The mean effect sizes were compared in order to determine whether the predictive validity is similar for both males and females. With the exception of violent recidivism, results indicate that the YLS/CMI works equally well for male and female offenders. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and correctional policy are discussed.ii

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Section: Gender-specific Theories Of Crimementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Youth Level Of Service Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Risk Assessment in Juvenile Offenders: A Meta-Analysis

Pusch

Holtfreter

2017

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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“…There are a few risk factors included in what is claimed to be a genderneutral assessment-the 'big four' are argued to be antisocial attitudes, peers, personality, and criminal history (Salisbury et al 2009). All these categories apply to female offenders, but gender responsive literature points out the negligence of factors unique to women-such as trauma, relationships, motherhood, depression, self-esteem and victimization (Voohris et al 2010;Reisig et al 2006). Daly's pathways theory is a central part of this-showing the specific factors leading women into a criminal life.…”

Section: Risk and Need Assessment: The Current Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of this tool to women is generally seen as ineffective. Reisig et al (2006) conducted a study on women under community supervision in Minnesota and Oregon to understand how accurately the LSI-R predicted recidivism. Kathleen Daly's pathways theory was used to frame the study.…”

Section: Risk and Need Assessment: The Current Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Women in Prison: A Review of Gender Specific Needs and Risk Assessments and their Policy and Research Implications

Barlow¹

2014

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In the last 30 years, the number of women in the criminal justice system has risen significantly, yet the criminal justice system still bases much of its policy on empirical research conducted using a majority of male subjects. Risk and need assessments, which are generally used to categorize inmates into varying risk levels to lower recidivism, have been faulted by many feminist scholars for having little pertinence for women. Their lack of gender sensitive factors has left many scholars questioning their validity. Available correctional programs are based on the knowledge collected by these "gender neutral" assessments. Therefore, female offenders are not receiving rehabilitation that is relevant to their lives. This paper examines the context of female offenders, the theoretical framework of criminality and gender, the current understanding of gender specific needs, and the application of Risk and need assessments, specifically the LSI-R (Levels of Service Inventory-Revised), and their consequences. Although there is some overlap between the factors that predict recidivism of men and women, the lack of data specifically to women has resulted in a lack or resources for women. This paper concludes with suggestions for further research into the risk levels and assessments and changing correctional policy in order to distribute resources to better serve the needs of women.

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“…Situated firmly in the person-in-environment perspective (Ritzer & Goodman, 2004), GPP recognizes the biological, psychological, and social realities which are unique to the female experience and fuses these key parts into theoretical trajectories that describe female offender populations (Belknap & Holsinger, 2006). As described by , GPP argues that women's criminal activity is influenced by "factors either (a) not typically seen with men, (b) typically seen with men but in even greater frequency with women, or (c) seen in relatively equal frequency but with distinct personal and social effects for women" (p. 543), based upon the work of several criminal justice scholars (Belknap & Holsinger, 2006;Chesney-Lind & Shelden, 2004;Gavazzi, Yarcheck, & Chesney-Lind, 2006;Holsinger, 2000;Holtfreter & Morash, 2003;Reisig, Holtfreter, & Morash, 2006). This perspective emerged out of qualitative criminological scholarship focused on understanding female offending (Daly, 1992) and has been supported by a couple of quantitative studies (Mulvey, 2013;.…”

Section: Gendered Pathways Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling posttraumatic stress disorder among victimized women on probation and parole : examining the impact of childhood victimization.

Winham

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DEDICATIONThis dissertation is dedicated to:1. My husband, Kyle, who encouraged and supported me throughout this process as we both pushed ourselves past what we thought was possible on our quest to build our life together. My parents, Charles and Karen Efstration, who made numerous sacrifices so Icould have the best educational opportunities and taught me to care deeply about underdogs. I am also deeply thankful for my in-laws, the Winhams and the Whites, for the love and support. Results of the second MIMIC analysis (X 2 (147) =439.71, p < .001; CFI = .90; TLI = .89; RMSEA = .07; SRMR = .07) provided good fit to the data and indicated that exposure to childhood sexual victimization versus other types of victimization significantly predicted differences in PTSD symptom structure and greater severity (B= .29, β = .10, SE= .14, p =.04). However, childhood victimization accounted for only 1% of the variance in PTSD symptomology. Implications for assessment and treatment of this highly-victimized and traumatized population are discussed including the usefulness of addressing the symptoms of dysphoric arousal including sleep disturbance, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. Suggestions for public policy include increasing economic insecurity and revisiting current legal climate linking substance use with criminal justice involvement.

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Assessing Recidivism Risk Across Female Pathways to Crime

Cited by 231 publications

References 39 publications

Gender and Risk Assessment in Juvenile Offenders: A Meta-Analysis

Gender and Risk Assessment in Juvenile Offenders: A Meta-Analysis

Understanding Women in Prison: A Review of Gender Specific Needs and Risk Assessments and their Policy and Research Implications

Modeling posttraumatic stress disorder among victimized women on probation and parole : examining the impact of childhood victimization.

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