Assessing radioactive contaminants in Kathmandu soils: measurement and risk analysis

Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and hazard indicators in Tarakeshwor Municipality, Nepal through in-situ technique and multivariate analysis

“…Similarly, among the tabulated values, activity concentrations of thorium ( 232 Th), potassium ( 40 K) and dose rate are highest in Kenya [18] , and Nepal [8] respectively. Additionally we compared in-situ with ex-situ measurement of radionuclei and associated hazard at near city [5] to the present study area and high activity [11] and Himalayan region study of nearby country India [20] , [44] . Health hazards indices are also presented and compared in the table.…”

“…While numerous studies have explored natural radioactivity and its hazards, only a limited number have been conducted within Nepal. Some notable works include those by [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , authors presented ex-situ and in-situ investigation of radiological concentrations on soils, rocks, and the environment using gamma-ray spectrometer techniques with the help of several detectors. Additionally, research has been conducted in high-background radiation areas worldwide, such as Ramsar (Iran) [9] , Guarapari (Brazil) [10] , Orissa and Kerala (India) [11] , [12] , and Yangjiang (China) [13] , where citizens have been living within prohibited zones [14] .…”