“…Similarly, the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) of 2003 banned the direct advertising of tobacco products across most forms of media, including television, radio, print, and billboards (Polden et al, 2023). These regulatory measures aimed to address concerns about the adverse health effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption, as well as to respect cultural norms that viewed such direct advertising as socially unacceptable (Almaghrabi, 2023). Indian society traditionally emphasized family values, health, and cultural traditions, leading to cultural taboos and moral objections against the direct promotion of alcohol and tobacco products (Dadve & Turkar, 2023).…”