Assessing progress towards universal health coverage in Cambodia: Evidence using survey data from 2009 to 2019

Kaiser, Andrea Hannah; Okorafor, Okore; Ekman, Bjorn O.; Chhim, Srean; Yem, Sokunthea; Sundewall, Jesper

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115792

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Globally utilized financial protection monitoring indicators, as part of UHC, include out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending, catastrophic health expenditure, impoverishment, and general financial hardship (9,64). To illustrate, the percentage of households experienced CHE at the threshold of 10% or 25% of total expenditures or 40% of non-food expenditures, and impoverishment as it is percentage of households pushed into poverty by OOP (57,(65)(66)(67)(68)(69). It is also measured by the poverty gap due to OOP payments, as described by average amount by which expenditures fall below the poverty line, for those impoverished (57,68).…”

Section: What Is Universal Health Coverage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Health Coverage – Exploring the What, How, and Why Using Realistic Review

Endalamaw,

Mengistu,

Khatri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Universal health coverage (UHC) is a critical target in many health system strategies to achieve the ‘good health and wellbeing’. Evidence on the meaning and scope of UHC and the strategies required to achieve it are needed, as variations in its understanding and implementation have risen. We synthesised evidence on the meaning, components, significance, and strategies of UHC. Methods: A review of evidence was conducted based on realist synthesis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for published materials and websites for grey literature. We have followed some steps: define the scope of the review and develop initial programme theory, search for evidence, data extraction, and synthesis of evidence. Results: Universal coverage, universal health, universal healthcare, universal access, and insurance coverage are used interchangeably with UHC. It is a legal notion that embodies a human rights-based and collaborative approach to ensure fair and comprehensive health care services. Universal health coverage is relevant for three macro reasons: first, it prevents and reduces the impact of diseases; second, it addresses inequality and promotes equity; and third, it is key for global health security. Various mechanisms involved to implement UHC, such as health insurance, social health protection, digital financing systems, value-based care, private sectors, civil societies, partnership, primary health care, and reciprocal health care systems. Conclusions: Universal health coverage is a multifaceted concept that can be expressed by various terms in different contexts. Universal health coverage is a political and ethical imperative that aims to promote health equity and protect human dignity across different levels of society. It is essential in preventing diseases and serving a crucial role in global health security. Practically, UHC is not truly universal, as it does not include all services under its scheme and varies across countries. This requires consistent advocacy, strategic and operational research as well as political will to ensure UHC.

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Section: What Is Universal Health Coverage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Health Coverage – Exploring the What, How, and Why Using Realistic Review

Endalamaw,

Mengistu,

Khatri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…A separate analysis for the subgroup of households in which any member sought care was also conducted to examine the real financial burden of seeking care and to ensure that this aspect was not masked behind the national average. 4,15,45 The financial burden across states/UTs was assessed in the context of health insurance coverage of the respective states. We also disaggregated the financial burden by the type of health care provider (private/public).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of Inter-State Variation in Utilization of Healthcare Services, Associated Financial Burden and Inequality: Evidence from Nationally Representative Survey in India

Aashima,

Sharma

2024

International Journal of Social Determinants of Health and Heal

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This study examines the health care utilization pattern, associated financial catastrophes, and inequality across Indian states to understand the subnational variations and aid the policy makers in this regard. Data from recent National Sample Survey (2017–2018), titled, “Household Social Consumption: Health,” covering 113,823 households, was employed in the study. Descriptive statistics, Erreygers concentration index (CI), and recentered influence function decomposition were applied in the study. We found that, in India, 7 percent of households experienced catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and 1.9 percent of households were pushed below poverty line due to out-of-pocket expenditure on hospitalization. Notably, outpatient care was more burdensome (CHE: 12.1%; impoverishment: 4%). Substantial interstate variations were observed, with high financial burden in poorer states. Utilization of health care services from private health care providers was pro-rich (hospitalization CI 0.31; outpatient CI 0.10), while the occurrence of CHE incidence was pro-poor (hospitalization CI −0.10; outpatient CI −0.14). Education level, economic status, health insurance, and area of residence contributed significantly to inequalities in utilization of health care services from private providers and financial burden. The high financial burden of seeking health care necessitates the need to increase public health spending and strengthen public health infrastructure. Also, concerted efforts directed towards increasing awareness about health insurance and introducing comprehensive health insurance products (covering both inpatient and outpatient services) are imperative to augment financial risk protection in India.

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Impact of the Essential Public Health Service program on financial protection and health outcomes among hypertensive patients: A quasi-experimental study in China

Cui,

Zhang,

Ding

et al. 2024

Social Science & Medicine

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Assessing progress towards universal health coverage in Cambodia: Evidence using survey data from 2009 to 2019

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Universal Health Coverage – Exploring the What, How, and Why Using Realistic Review

Universal Health Coverage – Exploring the What, How, and Why Using Realistic Review

An Examination of Inter-State Variation in Utilization of Healthcare Services, Associated Financial Burden and Inequality: Evidence from Nationally Representative Survey in India

Impact of the Essential Public Health Service program on financial protection and health outcomes among hypertensive patients: A quasi-experimental study in China

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