Assessing Physiochemical Characteristics of Agricultural Waste and Ready Compost at Wadi Al-Far’a Watershed of Palestine

Abstract

The Wadi Al-Far’a Watershed (WFW) is one of the most important agricultural lands in Palestine where considerable amounts of organic wastes are generated. Yet, mismanagement of agricultural waste, including random disposal and/or burning, is a prevalent practice in the WFW. Such a practice might result in greenhouse gas emissions and leachate penetration into underlying soil and groundwater. To encourage compost production in the WFW as an efficient way for organic agricultural waste treatment and emission reduction, this study aims at evaluating the quality of both raw organic agricultural waste and ready compost, locally produced or imported. The evaluation considers the physiochemical characteristics as well as the heavy metal contents. The analysis of 17 samples of raw organic agricultural waste showed a good potential for compost production due to the high content of organic matter and other nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The analysis of 15 ready compost samples, however, showed that compost quality is relatively low due to the high electrical conductivity and low moisture content measurements as well as the high levels of sodium, chloride, and potassium. Furthermore, heavy metal contents of both raw organic agricultural waste and ready compost samples are less than the limits specified by the Palestinian and international standards. Therefore, local farmers can safely use raw organic agricultural waste generated in the WFW for compost production. Composting will not only enhance soil reclamation and crop production but also protect human health and the environment and promote sustainable economic development.

Growth and Phytochemistry of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf Inoculated with Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria under Different Lead Levels

“…Plants 2024, 13, 944 2 of 15 Pb toxicity leads to root growth inhibition, stunted plant growth resulting in chlorosis, and the disruption of various plant activities and properties, including antioxidant systems, respiration, mineral nutrition, membrane structure and properties, and gene expression [9]. As Pb-contaminated areas often become unsuitable for cultivation of food crops, growing plants known as phytoremediators stands out as an environmentally sustainable approach to remove heavy metals from the soil, retaining them in the aboveground or root biomass [10]. This allows for reclamation of contaminated areas for the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants, potentially generating a marketable end product, such as essential oil-EO [1,11].…”