Assessing Personality Using Self-Report Measures with African American Clients

Urgelles, Jessica

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1004-5_4

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Arbisi et al (2002) found that Black American women scored higher on the MMPI-2 Paranoia and Hypomania scales in comparison with White American women. Among forensic MMPI-2 examinees, Black Americans tended to endorse more items that expressed skepticism of the motives of others and items that expressed antisocial attitudes (e.g., disregard for the law; Urgelles, 2015). Black Americans also scored higher than their White counterparts in a psychiatric inpatient setting on several MMPI-2 Content, Clinical, and Supplemental scales (Urgelles, 2015).…”

Section: Assessment Of Cultural Mistrustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among forensic MMPI-2 examinees, Black Americans tended to endorse more items that expressed skepticism of the motives of others and items that expressed antisocial attitudes (e.g., disregard for the law; Urgelles, 2015). Black Americans also scored higher than their White counterparts in a psychiatric inpatient setting on several MMPI-2 Content, Clinical, and Supplemental scales (Urgelles, 2015). Of those scales, the ones most pertinent to this study include Psychopathic Deviate (Scale 4), Paranoia (Scale 6), Schizophrenia (Scale 8), Fears, Depression, Bizarre Mentation, Anger, Cynicism, Antisocial Practices, Family Problems, and Negative Treatment Indicators.…”

Section: Assessment Of Cultural Mistrustmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapting assessment processes to consider cultural mistrust in forensic practices: An example with the MMPI instruments.

Dixon¹,

Caddell²,

Alexander³

et al. 2023

Law and Human Behavior

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Objective: Our first goal in this study was to identify cultural mistrust critical items (CMCIs) on two versions of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-the MMPI-Second Edition-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) and MMPI-Third Edition (MMPI-3)-that might be endorsed by people of color because of cultural mistrust rather than clinical paranoia. Our second goal was to determine whether CMCIs and items on the MMPI-2-RF/MMPI-3 Ideas of Persecution scale (Restructured Clinical Scale 6 [RC6]) were endorsed at different rates across cultural groups in a nonclinical college sample and a forensic inpatient sample. Hypotheses: Our primary hypothesis was that expert raters would reliably identify a subset of MMPI-2-RF and MMPI-3 items as reflective of cultural mistrust. Black college students would endorse the highest level of CMCIs, followed by Latina/o students, and then White students. We hypothesized that the same pattern of findings would occur in forensic inpatients but that the differences would be attenuated because of the high base rate of psychiatric symptomatology and the nature of the forensic assessment setting. Method: Three Black female and three Black male psychologists rated the degree to which each item on the MMPI-2-RF and MMPI-3 reflected cultural mistrust. Black (n = 90), Latina/o (n = 83), and White (n = 100) college students were compared on CMCIs and on MMPI-2-RF/MMPI-3 RC6 item endorsement. The same comparisons were made among Black (n = 221), Latina/o (n = 142), and White (n = 483) forensic inpatients who completed the MMPI-2-RF. Results: Black college students endorsed the highest levels of cultural mistrust, followed by Latina/o students, and then White students, resulting in small-to-medium effect sizes (Hedges's gs = 0.14-0.52). Although we observed some item-level differences in forensic patients, the overall pattern of item endorsement did not significantly differ in this group. Conclusions: There are multiple reasons for the reporting of clinical paranoia and cultural mistrust in forensic assessment. Public Significance StatementCultural mistrust is an adaptive response to racial oppression and discrimination faced by people of color (POC) in the United States but can be misinterpreted as clinical paranoia. In the present study, we outlined a method for identifying items on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) instruments to help differentiate cultural mistrust from clinical paranoia, which will assist forensic psychologists with accurately assessing POC. Overall, the findings from the present study suggest that POC are, in fact, more likely to endorse items on the MMPI instruments that are intended to measure clinical paranoia and that forensic practitioners should assess for cultural mistrust.

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Section: Assessment Of Cultural Mistrustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Cultural Mistrustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting assessment processes to consider cultural mistrust in forensic practices: An example with the MMPI instruments.

Dixon¹,

Caddell²,

Alexander³

et al. 2023

Law and Human Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The DSM-5 defines paranoid personality disorder as a "persistent, and enduring mistrust of others, and a profoundly cynical view of others and the world" (APA, 2013). Despite criticism that African Americans score higher on multiple scales, including the Paranoid scale (Urgelles, 2015), the MCMI-III continues to be used widely as a diagnostic tool. Therefore, we believed the items on the MCMI-III Paranoid scale may evidence different, including functional, attributes with a nonclinical sample of African American men.…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualizing behaviors associated with paranoia: Perspectives of Black men.

Mosley

Owen

Rostosky

et al. 2017

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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The sociocultural context of racism influences the behaviors of Black men and may reflect healthy paranoia (Sue, Capodilupo, & Holder, 2008). No published studies however, have directly examined the sociocultural experiences that influence Black men's endorsement of paranoid-like behaviors. An online study was conducted with a nonclinical sample of Black men (N ϭ 104) who completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) Paranoid scale (Millon, Millon, Davis, & Grossman, 1994) and reported why they endorsed certain items. Responses to weighted items on this scale were analyzed using modified consensual qualitative research (CQR) procedures (Spangler, Liu, & Hill, 2012). The results indicated that this sample of Black men endorsed items reflective of clinical paranoia because they have life experiences that make them mistrustful. Their item responses were systematically categorized into the following categories: (a) life lessons learned in close relationships, (b) negative experiences at work or school, and (c) experiences living in oppressive contexts. Participant responses also reflected coping strategies categorized as: (d) personal coping (through awareness, acceptance, and meaningmaking), (e) relational coping (through analysis and boundary enforcement), and (f) coping with systemic oppression. These results suggest that adaptive coping with life experiences may be misinterpreted as paranoia when the sociocultural context is not carefully considered.

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Assessing Personality Using Self-Report Measures with African American Clients

Cited by 2 publications

References 64 publications

Adapting assessment processes to consider cultural mistrust in forensic practices: An example with the MMPI instruments.

Adapting assessment processes to consider cultural mistrust in forensic practices: An example with the MMPI instruments.

Contextualizing behaviors associated with paranoia: Perspectives of Black men.

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