Assessing particulate matter (PM10) emissions from outdoor runs in laying hen houses by integrating wind tunnel and lab-scale measurements

Maffia, Jacopo; Aarnink, A.J.A.; Ploegaert, J.P.M.; Dinuccio, Elio; Balsari, P.; Ellen, H.H.

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.07.017

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This small surface area makes it possible to correctly quantify the total number of resuspended particles within the system by counting the number of particles remaining on the surface before and after resuspension. However, to simulate surfaces such as urban green floors, roadsides, and agricultural fields, a larger surface size is required, which makes it impossible to use counting methods to quantify the resuspension rate ( Qian & Ferro, 2008 ; Martuzevicius et al, 2011 ; Maffia et al, 2021 ). Our system overcame this limitation because the size was large enough to simulate urban greens, and the closed system was able to capture all the particles resuspended within the system and accurately quantify them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter resuspension from simulated urban green floors using a wind tunnel-mounted closed chamber

Seo

Park

Yoo

2023

PeerJ

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Background Green areas are thought to reduce particulate matter (PM) concentrations in urban environments. Plants are the key to PM reduction via various mechanisms, although most mechanisms do not lead to the complete removal of PM. Ultimately, PM falls into the soil via wind and rainfall. However, the fallen PM can re-entrain the atmosphere, which can affect plants capacity to reduce PM. In this study, we simulated an urban green floor and measured the resuspension of PM from the surface using a new experimental system, a wind tunnel-mounted closed chamber. Methods The developed system is capable of quantifying the resuspension rate at the millimeter scale, which is measured by using the 1 mm node chain. This is adequate for simulating in situ green floors, including fallen branches and leaves. This addressed limitations from previous studies which focused on micrometer-scale surfaces. In this study, the surfaces consisted of three types: bare sand soil, broadleaves, and coniferous leaves. The resuspended PM was measured using a light-scattering dust detector. Results The resuspension rate was highest of 14.45×10−4 s−1 on broad-leaved surfaces and lowest on coniferous surfaces of 5.35×10−4 s−1 (p < 0.05) and was not proportional to the millimeter-scale surface roughness measured by the roller chain method. This might be due to the lower roughness density of the broad-leaved surface, which can cause more turbulence for PM resuspension. Moreover, the size distribution of the resuspended PM indicated that the particles tended to agglomerate at 2.5 µm after resuspension. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the management of fallen leaves on the urban green floor is important in controlling PM concentrations and that the coniferous floor is more effective than the broadleaved floor in reducing PM resuspension. Future studies using the new system can be expanded to derive PM management strategies by diversifying the PM types, surfaces, and atmospheric conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter resuspension from simulated urban green floors using a wind tunnel-mounted closed chamber

Seo

Park

Yoo

2023

PeerJ

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“…Moreover, this accumulation is even more evident in the most superficial soil layer (0-10 cm). Maffia et al [20] report that the top layer up to 15 cm deep is considered to be the one most affected by chicken dusting activity. However, in this study, deeper soil layers are also affected by faecal nutrient input, and this is confirmed by Kratz et al [8], where faecal nutrients by broilers resulted in mineral N accumulation in the soil at a sampling depth of 90 cm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Organic Matter and Nutrient Levels in Outdoor Runs in Organic Laying Farms

Zoli¹,

Mantovi²,

Ferrari³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To evaluate the nutrient load due to the grazing of laying hens in outdoor runs, soil characteristics were monitored in three Italian organic farms. For each farm, soil samples were taken from three increasing distances from the hen house and two depths and different chemical parameters were evaluated. The comparison among the results from the different distances shows that N-NO3 and Olsen P are the most affected parameters by hen faeces: both present high values with a statistically significant difference in the area close to the poultry house and for the most superficial layer. Even TKN and TOC show significant differences between the concentrations of the first layer (more concentrated) and those of the second layer (less concentrated). In general, the surface soil layer closest to the chicken house is the portion of the outdoor run most affected by chicken droppings and represents the most critical point in terms of potential environmental impact. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the management of the outdoor run with tools that can facilitate the grazing of animals and with vegetation that can absorb nutrients by limiting leaching and run-off.

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“…Many studies have measured the concentrations and emission rates ( ER ) of PM from animal houses ( Shen et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Maffia et al, 2021 ). The ER is a quite important parameter for both PM emission inventory compiling and the assessment of the influence of animal PM on the total environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ER is a quite important parameter for both PM emission inventory compiling and the assessment of the influence of animal PM on the total environment. However, in terms of the PM ER from the animal houses, most of the available data have been achieved from North America and Europe ( Morgan et al, 2014 ; Winkel et al, 2015 ; Lin et al, 2017 ; Ni et al, 2017 ; Maffia et al, 2021 ). Little information about the PM ER from poultry-raising houses has been obtained from China possibly because of the shortage in monitoring equipment or calculation method for the animal house ventilation in China, leading to the difficulty in estimating the contribution of animal PM emission to the air pollutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of PM2.5 and PM10 in emissions and chemical compositions in different seasons from a manure-belt laying hen house

Wang,

Li,

Geng

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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Assessing particulate matter (PM10) emissions from outdoor runs in laying hen houses by integrating wind tunnel and lab-scale measurements

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Particulate matter resuspension from simulated urban green floors using a wind tunnel-mounted closed chamber

Particulate matter resuspension from simulated urban green floors using a wind tunnel-mounted closed chamber

Soil Organic Matter and Nutrient Levels in Outdoor Runs in Organic Laying Farms

Variation of PM2.5 and PM10 in emissions and chemical compositions in different seasons from a manure-belt laying hen house

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