“…Many studies have also recommended the gradient boosting algorithm for selecting important indicators for other waterbodies like lakes, rivers, etc., in a given dataset (Huan et al, 2020;Islam Khan et al, 2022;Naghibi et al, 2020;Touzani et al, 2018;Uddin et al, 2022d. In terms of the reliability of this technique, a few studies reveal that the gradient boosting algorithm does not reflect the actual scenarios of significant indicators that express the relative value of the indicators in terms of influencing coastal water quality (Uddin et al, 2022a(Uddin et al, , 2022d. Moreover, a few studies have reported that the gradient boosting algorithm shows an over fitting problem in predicting important features (Ahmed et al, 2019;Islam Khan et al, 2021;Uddin et al, 2022bUddin et al, , 2022d.…”