Assessing of Flexible Packaging Integrity: Using the Aerosolization Bacteria

Moghimi, Nastaran; Kim, Sun‐Jong; Park, Su‐il

doi:10.1002/pts.2191

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The cutoff for the microbial ingress study was 15 lm, which was identical to the cutoff for the dye penetration study for this particular type of leak. The samples with defect sizes of 50 and 25 lm took similar amounts of time to show microbial contamination inside a package, which means that a clear micro-channel for microbial ingress was 25 lm [15]. However, the pouches with 15 lm micro-channels did not show microbial growth.…”

Section: Comparison Of Bioaerosol Challenge Test and Dye Penetration Testmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Leakage assessment of flexible pouches using dye penetration test with correlation to modeled bacterial aerosol challenge test

Moghimi

Park

2017

Food Sci Biotechnol

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Package integrity is a primary measure of a package's ability to keep the contained product inside and to keep potential contaminants out. In this study, injecting and vacuum dye penetration methods were applied for the assessment of the package integrity of retortable flexible pouches having various sizes of micro-channels. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of dye penetration as a physical test that can be incorporated into a stability protocol and compare the results of the dye penetration test with those from the bacterial aerosol challenge test. The study found a direct correlation between the results of the vacuum dye penetration test and those of the microbial test. The critical leak size that can ensure the flexible package integrity was 15 μm. To detect defective pouches, the dye vacuum testing had a sensitivity similar to that of bioaerosol challenge test.

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Section: Comparison Of Bioaerosol Challenge Test and Dye Penetration Testmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A pouch with no defect was injected with 0.2 mL of a 10 3 CFU/mL solution of the organisms to serve as a positive control. We applied this method to another type of packaging in our previous work [15].…”

Section: Microbial Ingress Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leakage assessment of flexible pouches using dye penetration test with correlation to modeled bacterial aerosol challenge test

Moghimi

Park

2017

Food Sci Biotechnol

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“…The sealing reliability of metal foils and plastic films is important when they are used to package foods, medicines and dangerous goods, with unexpected pinholes and cracks in these materials leading to leakages 1–17 . Two mechanisms that gases pass through these leak holes are considered 1,2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of measured leak rates and calculation values for sealing packages

et al. 2021

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It is often necessary to calculate a leak rate from the size of leak hole and vice versa for testing of sealing packages such as foods, medicines and dangerous goods. These calculations are actually rather complicated because the characteristics of the gas flow through the leak hole change depending on the pressure, the gas species, the temperature and the diameter d and length l of the leak hole. In this study, the air flow rate through 12 flow channels with the inner diameter of 5–50 μm and the l/d ratio of 0.72–260 were measured by a pressure change method and compared with the predictions of the equations governing laminar, turbulent, compressible and molecular flow, as well as those of a developed combined governing equation (modified Knudsen equation). The modified Knudsen equation provided good agreement within 20% over the entire range of experimental conditions, including the transition region between laminar and compressible flow.

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“…A great number of researches have been done on rigid sandwich structure by using honeycomb, metals and 3D woven fabrics [1–4]. Different from rigid sandwich structure, flexible sandwich structure has drawn much attention in individual protection field owing to the excellent user comfort and effective impact resistance over the protected body parts [5]. The flexibility of fibers and yarns endows textile material with unique advantages over impact protection; therefore, special attention has been devoted to make protective material with textile structures [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-velocity impact behavior of flexible sandwich composite with polyurethane grid sealing shear thickening fluid core

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

Jnl of Sandwich Structures & Materials

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In this study, a new type of flexible sandwich composite with nonwoven facesheets and core reinforced by polyurethane (PU) grid sealing shear thickening fluid (STF) has been presented. With the specific design, the STF was sealed into PU grids as the core to provide shear thickening effect against impact. Rheological property of STF with different mass ratio and PU morphology after first and second foaming were evaluated and optimized for sandwich composite preparation. Both static compression and dynamic impact tests were carried out to obtain the impact dynamic response and investigate the effects of typical parameters including STF volume, core thickness and striker height on low-velocity impact behavior. The test results showed that the optimal concentration of STF was 20 wt.%, whose critical shear rate was 100s−1. The presence of STF had a positive influence on the static compression strength and dynamic impact strength. In particular, the 70% STF volume fraction contributed to the highest compression modulus. The compression modulus was 445 MPa and 466 MPa when the sample thickness was 2 cm and 3 cm, respectively. As for dynamic impact strength with corresponding STF volume fractions, it was 4535.31 mJ for 30%, 4599.72 mJ for 50%, and 4827.46 mJ for 70%, all of which were much higher than that (2348 mJ) of control group (without STF). Regardless of whether the STF volume being 30%, 50% and 70%, the impact displacement of composite was within 10 mm, showing better impact resistance than control group (13.16 mm). Besides, this composite with special PU grid sealing, STF structure demonstrated a certain strain rate effect. The higher the impact energy, the greater the energy absorption was. Specifically, impact energy absorption rate of composite with a thickness of 3 cm was as high as 52.3% under 350 mm impact height.

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Assessing of Flexible Packaging Integrity: Using the Aerosolization Bacteria

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Leakage assessment of flexible pouches using dye penetration test with correlation to modeled bacterial aerosol challenge test

Leakage assessment of flexible pouches using dye penetration test with correlation to modeled bacterial aerosol challenge test

Comparison of measured leak rates and calculation values for sealing packages

Low-velocity impact behavior of flexible sandwich composite with polyurethane grid sealing shear thickening fluid core

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