Assessing nicotine metabolism in pregnancy—a novel approach using hair analysis

Klein, Julia; Blanchette, Phillip; Koren, Gideon

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.035

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(36 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Nicotine/cotinine ratios in the third trimester were significantly decreased compared to those in the first trimester. According to the authors, these findings illustrated that nicotine metabolism to cotinine, mainly catalyzed by CYP2A6, increases as pregnancy advances [56], which was in agreement with previous findings [57]. In a more recent study by the same group, similar results for nicotine/cotinine ratios in hair of 74 smoking women were obtained [58].…”

Section: Hairsupporting

confidence: 84%

Alternative Sampling Strategies for Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interindividual variability in the expression and function of drug metabolizing cytochrome P (CYP) 450 enzymes, determined by a combination of genetic, non-genetic and environmental parameters, is a major source of variable drug response. Phenotyping by administration of a selective enzyme substrate, followed by the determination of a specific phenotyping metric, is an appropriate approach to assess the in vivo activity of CYP450 enzymes, as it takes into account all influencing factors. A phenotyping protocol should be as simple and convenient as possible. Typically, phenotyping metrics are determined in traditional matrices, such as blood, plasma or urine. Several sampling strategies have been proposed as an alternative for these traditional sampling techniques.In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of available methods using dried blood spots, hair, oral fluid, exhaled breath and sweat for in vivo CYP450 phenotyping. We discuss the relation between phenotyping metrics measured in these samples and those in conventional matrices, along with the advantages and limitations of the alternative sampling techniques. Reliable phenotyping procedures for several clinically relevant CYP450 enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6, are currently available for oral fluid, breath or dried blood spots, while additional studies are needed for other CYP450 isoforms, such as CYP3A4. The role of hair analysis for this purpose remains to be established. Being non-or minimally invasive, these sampling strategies provide convenient and patient-friendly alternatives for classical phenotyping procedures, which may contribute to the implementation of CYP450 phenotyping in clinical practice. 4 Key Points Phenotyping by administration of a selective probe drug, followed by determination of a specific phenotyping metric, allows to assess the in vivo enzyme activity of CYP450 enzymes, taking into account genetic, non-genetic and environmental influencing factors. In addition to classical sampling techniques, such as blood or urine collection, reliable phenotyping procedures for several clinically relevant CYP450 enzymes are currently available for oral fluid, breath and dried blood spots.

show abstract

Section: Hairsupporting

confidence: 84%

Alternative Sampling Strategies for Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, it has recently been shown that nicotine in different segmental of maternal hair is an adequate biomarker of chronic exposure to cigarette smoking during pregnancy, which fairly correlates with acute exposure measured by urinary cotinine concentration in the newborn (13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Urinary Cotinine Correlates With Behavioral Alterations in Newborns Prenatally Exposed to Tobacco Smoke

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Altered behavior due to prenatal smoke exposure was examined in 25 neonates born from smoking mothers who consumed at least 5 cigarettes/d during the entire gestation. Data were compared with 25 matched neonates born from nonsmoking mothers. Neonatal behavior was evaluated using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS). Antenatal exposure to tobacco smoke at the end of the pregnancy was determined by measurement of urinary cotinine. Newborns from smoking mothers showed significant lower scores in various BNBAS items compared with neonates from nonsmoking mothers. A strong correlation was observed between infant irritability and urinary cotinine in newborns from smoker and nonsmoking mothers and with number of daily smoked cigarettes and maternal nicotine daily intake of infants exposed to active maternal smoking. Linear regression analysis showed that urinary cotinine was the best predictor of infant irritability (r 2 ϭ 0.727). The latter was also associated to the neonate's low level of attention and poor response to inanimate auditory stimuli. Among infants from nonsmoking mothers, paternal smoking significantly correlated with infant urinary cotinine and infant irritability, being also the best predictor of irritability (r 2 ϭ 0.364). Neonatal behavior can be significantly altered in a dose-dependent manner even after modest prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke.

show abstract

“…[8][9][10] Örneğin; sigara içicilerde saçtaki nikotin/kotinin oranı 10 olarak saptanmıştır. 11 Eroin kullanıcılarında saçta 6-monoasetilmorfinin morfine oranı üç olarak saptanır iken, kokain kullanıcılarında kokain benzoilekgonin oranının 10 olduğu rapor edilmiştir. 5 Bu çalışmalar ışığında, ana ilaç ve lipofilik metabolitlerin öncelikle saçta bulunduğu bildirilmiş-tir.…”

Section: Pasi̇f Di̇füzyonunclassified

“…11,45,46 Aktif sigara içicilerin, pasif içicilere karşı saçları daha yüksek konsantrasyonda nikotin ve kotinin içermektedir. 34 Çünkü bunlar sistematik olarak pasif içicilerde birikmekte, kotinin metaboliti sigara kullanımını ayırt etmede kullanıla-mamaktadır.…”

Section: Saçta Ni̇koti̇n Beli̇rlenmesi̇unclassified

Incorporation of Drug and Substances in Hair

Mutlu¹,

Aşıcıoğlu²

2018

Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

aç, homojen bir yapıya sahip gibi görünse de aslında oldukça karmaşık olan biyolojisi kısmen anlaşılmıştır.1 Memelilerde saç; protein (%65-95), su (%15-35), lipit (%1-9) ve minerallerden (<%1) oluşan deri eklerinden biridir. Saç şaftında korteksi çevreleyen bir kütikül bulunduğu gibi, bazı saç tiplerinde santral medullayı çevreleyen ilave bir kütikülde bulunmaktadır.2 Saç apokrin, sebase ve ter bezleriyle yakın ilişkide olan cildin A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Saç; ilaç; birikim; kötüye kullanım A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T In recent years hair has become a fundamental biological specimen, alternative to the usual samples blood and urine, for drug testing in the fields of forensic toxicology, clinical toxicology and clinical chemistry. Analytical results of drugs of abuse in hair provide useful information on chronic drug use. They are valuable to presume the history and severity of individual drug abuse and to provide supplementary information on drug use to facilitate interpretation of urine drug analysis. Hair testing has larger detection window. The sample collection is non-invasive. Another advantage of hair samples is that it can be stored at room temperature and do not need to be analyzed quickly after they are collected. Hair analysis is also used for detection of gestational drug exposure, doping control and detection of alcohol abuse. It has been reported that drugs are incorporated into hair by binding to such intracellular components as melanins, lipids, and proteins. It has been proposed that drugs and substances can enter into hair during at least 3 stages: from the blood during hair formation, from sweat and sebum, and from external environment. The aim of this review is to document and discuss the mechanisms of drug or substance accumulation in hair and its influencing factors, application of hair analysis.

show abstract

Assessing nicotine metabolism in pregnancy—a novel approach using hair analysis

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Alternative Sampling Strategies for Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping

Alternative Sampling Strategies for Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping

Neonatal Urinary Cotinine Correlates With Behavioral Alterations in Newborns Prenatally Exposed to Tobacco Smoke

Incorporation of Drug and Substances in Hair

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About