Assessing nicotine dependence: A comparison of the fagerström tolerance questionnaire (FTQ) with the fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) in a clinical sample

Payne, Thomas J.; Po, Smith; Lm, McCracken; Wc, McSherry; Mm, Antony

doi:10.1016/0306-4603(94)90032-9

Cited by 246 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the correlation analysis, urinary cotinine levels were associated with both the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the FTND scores, which was consistent with previous studies (Heatherton et al, 1991;Payne et al, 1994;Law et al, 1997;Caraballo et al, 1998;Park et al, 2004;Blackford et al, 2006). In contrast to previous reports that showed that the duration of smoking was not associated with the FTND scores (John et al, 2003;Park et al, 2004), the degree of nicotine dependence increased according to the total smoking period in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Other reports showed a dose-dependent relationship between cotinine levels and the number of cigarettes smoked per day, another measure of the FTND (Law et al, 1997;Blackford et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2012). Moreover, several previous reports showed a significant relationship between the degree of nicotine dependence (as assessed by the total FTND score) and cotinine levels (Heatherton et al, 1991;Payne et al, 1994;Pomerleau et al, 1994). However, as those studies primarily focused on a simple linear correlation, there is a lack of data showing how cotinine levels independently predict severity of nicotine dependence after adjustment of potential confounding factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Can Urinary Cotinine Predict Nicotine Dependence Level in Smokers?

Jung

Kim²,

Son³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Although nicotine dependence plays a role as a main barrier for smoking cessation, there is still a lack of solid evidence on the validity of biomarkers to determine nicotine dependence in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate whether urinary cotinine levels could reflect the severity of nicotine dependence in active smokers. Materials and Methods: Data regarding general characteristics and smoking status was collected using a self-administered smoking questionnaire. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to determine nicotine dependence of the participants, and a total of 381 participants were classified into 3 groups of nicotine dependence: low (n=205, 53.8%), moderate (n=127, 33.3%), and high dependence groups (n=49, 12.9%). Stepwise multiple linear regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses were used to determine the validity of urinary cotinine for high nicotine dependence. Results: In correlation analysis, urinary cotinine levels increased with FTND score (r=0.567, P<0.001). ROC curves analysis showed that urinary cotinine levels predicted the high-dependence group with reasonable accuracy (optimal cut-off value=1,000 ng/mL; AUC=0.82; P<0.001; sensitivity=71.4%; specificity=74.4%). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, the total smoking period (β=0.042, P=0.001) and urinary cotinine levels (β=0.234, P<0.001) were positively associated with nicotine dependence, whereas an inverse association was observed between highest education levels (>16 years) and nicotine dependence (β=-0.573, P=0.034). Conclusions: The results of this study support the validity of using urinary cotinine levels for assessment of nicotine dependence in active smokers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Can Urinary Cotinine Predict Nicotine Dependence Level in Smokers?

Jung

Kim²,

Son³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The key findings of the study were as follows: two factors were found to fit the data and the internal reliability of the scale was low alongside its underlying subscales. The study lends further support to the bi-dimensionality of the scale as reported in other cultural settings (Payne et al, 1994;Etter & Perneger, 1999;Haddock et al, 1999;Radzius et al, 2003). This study confirmed as well that Factor 1 reflects the degree of urgency to restore nicotine levels to a given threshold after waking whilst Factor 2 reflects the persistence with which nicotine concentration are maintained during waking hours (Radzius et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Validity and Reliability of the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence in a Sample of Arabic Speaking UK-Resident Yemeni Khat Chewers

Kassim

Salam²,

Croucher³

2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…and "Do you find it hard to refrain from smoking in places where it is forbidden?" The FTND has shown good internal consistency, positive relations with key smoking variables (e.g., saliva cotinine; Heatherton, Kozlowski, Frecker, & Fagerstrom, 1991;Payne, Smith, McCracken, McSherry, & Antony, 1994), and high degrees of test-retest reliability (Pomerleau, Carton, Lutzke, Flessland, & Pomerleau, 1994). Babor, de la Fuente, Saunders, & Grant, 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of smoking characteristics among community-recruited daily smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology

Marshall¹,

Zvolensky²,

Vujanovic³

et al. 2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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The present investigation compared 123 community-recruited daily smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD), nonclinical panic attacks (PA), or no current Axis I psychopathology (controls; C) in terms of nicotine dependence, smoking rate, quit history, severity of symptoms during past quit attempts, and motivation for and expectancies about smoking. No differences were observed between groups in regard to smoking rate or nicotine dependence. The PTSD group reported making more lifetime quit attempts than the other groups, and the PTSD and PD groups perceived more severe symptoms during past quit attempts. The PD and PTSD groups reported greater motivation to smoke to reduce negative affect. Individuals with PTSD endorsed a stronger expectation that smoking would alleviate negative mood states and would produce negative consequences. Overall, results suggest that smokers with PD or PTSD differ from other smoking groups in a number of clinically significant ways. Keywords Smoking; Panic; PTSD; Anxiety Disorders; Smoking Motives and ExpectanciesCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Michael J. Zvolensky, Ph.D. at The University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Avenue, John Dewey Hall, Burlington,. Electronic mail may be sent to Michael.Zvolensky@uvm.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. There is an increasing empirical recognition that tobacco use and dependence are elevated among those with psychopathology compared to those without psychiatric conditions (Kalman, Morissette, & George, 2005). For example, persons with, relative to those without, psychiatric disorders are approximately twice as likely to be current smokers (Lasser et al., 2000). Moreover, it is estimated that although smokers with psychiatric disorders represent approximately 20% of persons in the United States (U.S.), they consume over 40% of the cigarettes in the nation (Lasser et al., 2000). Such high rates of smoking among those with psychiatric disorders may play a clinically significant role in the high rates of diagnostic comorbidity and mortality observed in people with psychiatric disorders (Kalman et al., 2005). NIH Public AccessRecent studies have found important linkages between smoking and certain anxiety disorders (Feldner, Babson, & Zvolensky, 2007a;Morissette, Tull, Gulliver, Kamholz, & Zimering, 2007;Patton, Carlin, Coffey, Wolfe, Hibbert, & Bowes, 1998; Zvolensky, Feldner, LeenFeldner, & McLeish, 2005 (Beckham et al., 1995;Breslau et al., 2003;Buckley et al., 2004;Feldner et al., 2007a). Recent contr...

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Assessing nicotine dependence: A comparison of the fagerström tolerance questionnaire (FTQ) with the fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) in a clinical sample

Cited by 246 publications

References 22 publications

Can Urinary Cotinine Predict Nicotine Dependence Level in Smokers?

Can Urinary Cotinine Predict Nicotine Dependence Level in Smokers?

Validity and Reliability of the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence in a Sample of Arabic Speaking UK-Resident Yemeni Khat Chewers

Evaluation of smoking characteristics among community-recruited daily smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology

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