“…In exploring the relationship between child maltreatment and ADHD, there is some justification for analyzing the data separately for parental and child risk factors. Generally, among the parental factors of child maltreatment, low parental education, low income, young parental age, being a mother in adolescence, and parental psychiatric disorders seem to be significant predictors (De Paul & Domenech, 2000; Dubowitz et al, 2011; Gillham et al, 1998; Margolin & Larson, 1988; Wolfe, Edwards, Manion, & Koverola, 1988). Characteristics of children leading to higher vulnerability of being abused are male gender, young age, and having difficult temperament, behavioral problems, and mental or physical disorders (Berger, 2005; Malekpour, 2004; Ross, 1996).…”