Assessing morphological characteristics of elite cotton lines from different breeding programmes for low temperature and drought tolerance

Singh, Bhupinder; Norvell, E.; Wijewardana, Chathurika; Wallace, T.; Chastain, Daryl R.; Reddy, K. Raja

doi:10.1111/jac.12276

Cited by 47 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These results for cultivar effects on seedling vigor are similar to the results from previous studies showing a positive relationship between seed mass, oil content, calorie content, and seedling vigor in cotton (Krieg & Bartee, 1975;Snider et al, 2014Snider et al, , 2016. A study was done by Singh et al (2018) on nine elite Upland cotton germplasm lines to determine the effect of low temperature conditions on seed germination and early seedling growth. The results from the study reported a negative effect of low temperature conditions on root and shoot growth in the early season growth stage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A study was done by Singh et al. () on nine elite Upland cotton germplasm lines to determine the effect of low temperature conditions on seed germination and early seedling growth. The results from the study reported a negative effect of low temperature conditions on root and shoot growth in the early season growth stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperatures above freezing but below 10 • C can cause chilling injury to cotton seedlings resulting in reduced vigor, malformed seedlings, and direct damage to the photosynthetic apparatus (Boman & Lemon, 2005;Kratsch & Wise, 2000). Suboptimal, nonchilling temperatures do not cause direct injury to the plant, but can drastically reduce root growth, inhibit leaf area development, and slow the rate at which new mainstem leaf nodes are produced (Guthrie, Burmester, Edmisten, & Wells, 1995;Singh et al, 2018). For example, Patterson and Flint (1979) reported that low temperature conditions (17:13 • C day/night temperatures) primarily limit growth through reductions in leaf area, which serves to limit whole-plant source strength.…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between first true leaf physiology and seedling vigor in cotton under different field conditions

2020

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Rapid development of the first true leaf has been suggested as a key driver of seedling vigor in cotton, yet studies demonstrating an association between first true leaf physiological processes and early season cotton growth are limited. It was hypothesized that both first true leaf area (FTLA) and photosynthetic rates would be positively associated with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) seedling vigor, and that photosynthetic component processes would differ in their contribution to net photosynthesis (An) of the first true leaf. To test these hypotheses, three different cotton cultivars were planted in the 2017 and 2018 seasons on three selected dates each year to generate broad differences in seedling vigor. Growth analysis was conducted to assess seedling vigor at 3 and 5 wk after planting, and a combination of dark‐ and light‐adapted gas exchange and fluorescence measurements were performed on the first true leaf, concurrent with growth assessments. Seedling vigor was much more strongly associated with FTLA than An on a per unit leaf area basis, suggesting that FTLA was a stronger indicator of seedling vigor. Correlation analysis between An and a number of component processes derived from combined gas exchange and fluorescence measurements indicated that An was strongly correlated with electron transport rates and stomatal conductance. However, we suggest that most of the variability we observed in An of the first true leaf was primarily driven by nonstomatal factors, since no significant correlations between An and chloroplast CO2 concentration or substomatal CO2 concentration was apparent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between first true leaf physiology and seedling vigor in cotton under different field conditions

2020

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“…Being immobile, they are capable of developing certain mechanisms to detect environmental changes and respond to environmental conditions. Plants show morphological and physiological adaptations in response to environmental conditions [4,14,31,32]. For instance, the reproductive development of many crop species is damaged by heat in a way that they produce no viable pollen or no flowers [33][34][35], or if they produce flowers, they may set no fruit or seed [3,4,6,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Environmental Effects on Seed Quality and Germination Response to Temperature of Andropogon gerardii

Singh

Singh²,

Matcha

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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Parental environments (PEs) affect seed quality and might alter the re-establishment of big bluestem grass due to impacts on seed germination. An in vitro study was conducted to quantify the temperature response of seed germination and its interaction with the PE in big bluestem. Seeds developed under eight PEs consisting of a combination of four day/night growth temperatures (GTs) (20/12, 25/17, 30/22, and 35/27 • C) and two CO 2 levels (360 and 720 µL L −1 ) were germinated at eight temperatures (germination temperatures (GRTs)) ranging from 10 to 42.5 • C. Quadratic and modified bilinear regressions best described the cardinal temperatures for the estimated maximum seed germination (MSG) and seed germination rate (SGR), respectively. The average MSG and SGR showed differential responses to the PEs and significantly declined above a 35 • C GRT across the PEs. For the SGR, the minimum and optimum temperatures showed significant differences from other treatments but the opposite response to elevated CO 2 , while maximum temperatures significantly declined at high (35/27 • C) and low GTs (20/12 • C). Seed quality parameters, individual seed weight, and C and N contents showed a high correlation (R 2 > 60) with the average percentage of seed germination and the SGR. Thus, high temperatures for both the PEs (>30/22 • C) and GRTs (>30 • C) could significantly reduce germination, affecting the re-establishment of big bluestem.Agronomy 2019, 9, 304 2 of 17 growing temperature strongly affects the rate and duration of the seed filling period, thus affecting seed mass and composition, such as nitrogen and carbon contents [5,6]. Also, elevated CO 2 has been found to decrease seed constituents, such as mineral elements and organic compounds [7]. The current levels of global mean surface air temperature and atmospheric CO 2 are likely to exceed 1.1 to 5.4 • C, depending on representative concentration pathway scenarios, by the end of the 21st century [8]. Huxman et al. [9] found an increased C/N ratio in elevated-CO 2 -developed Bromus rubens L. grass seeds, which resulted in reduced seed quality and seedling performance. Moreover, Hampton et al. [10] suggested that elevated CO 2 during seed development might produce greater ethylene, which induces early seed germination in many species. The adverse impacts of high temperatures on seeds during development might be attributed to the limited supply of photosynthetic assimilates [3,11] and physiological damage leading to a loss of seeds' ability to germinate [1]. Thus, the combined impacts of temperature and elevated CO 2 are likely to alter seed traits essential for initial plant establishment.Seed mass, composition, viability, germination, and seedling vigor are some useful seed quality indicators for the establishment purposes of plants [12,13]. Seed germination characteristics are easy to determine under a laboratory set-up and have been widely exploited for the selection of cultivars with environmental stress tolerance in several crops, including rice [14], cotton [15], s...

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“…After separating the stem from the root system of each plant, roots were washed with water on a sieve [37,38,39]. Washed roots were scanned with a WinRhizo Pro optical scanner (Regent Instruments, Inc., QC, Canada) by floating the individual root system in 5 mm of water in a Plexiglas tray [39,40]. Gray-scale root images were acquired by setting the parameters to high accuracy (resolution 800 × 800 dpi), and the images were analyzed using WinRhizo Pro software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor seed quality, reduced germination, and decreased seedling vigor in soybean is linked to exposure of the maternal lines to drought stress

Wijewardana

Reddy

Krutz

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Poor seed quality, reduced germination, and decreased seedling vigor in soybean is linked 1 to exposure of the maternal lines to drought stress 2 3 Abstract 18 Effects of environmental stressors on the parent may be transmitted to the F1 generation of 19 plants that support global food, oil, and energy production for humans and animals. This study 20 was conducted to determine if the effects of drought stress on parental soybean plants are 21 transmitted to the F1 generation. The germination and seedling vigor of F1 soybean whose 22 maternal parents, Asgrow AG5332 and Progeny P5333RY, were exposed to soil moisture stress, 23 that is, 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% replacement of evapotranspiration (ET) during reproductive 24 growth, were evaluated under controlled conditions. Pooled over cultivars, effects of soil 25 moisture stress on the parents caused a reduction in the seed germination rate, maximum seed 26 germination, and overall seedling performance in the F1 generation. The effect of soil moisture 27 stress on the parent induced an irreversible change in the seed quality in the F1 generation and 28 the effects on seed quality in the F1 generation were exasperated when exposed to increasing 29 levels of drought stress. Results indicate that seed weight and storage reserve are key factors 30 influencing germination traits and seedling growth. Our data confirm that the effects of drought 31 stress on soybean are transferable, causing reduced germination, seedling vigor, and seed quality 32 in the F1 generation. 33 34 35Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a globally important annual crop, and one of the major 36 export commodities providing oil and protein for both human and animal food. It is the second 37 most planted field crop in the U.S. next to corn [1] and accounts for about 90% of U.S. oilseed 38 production. Hence, soybean production provides a substantial input to the economic structure of 39 the United States. 40 Soil moisture stress causes extensive losses to soybean production annually, and losses 41 due to drought stress are projected to increase due to climate change. Climate change models 42 indicate that historical precipitation patterns will change, and drought stress will become more 43 severe in soybean growing regions in the United States [2]. As soil moisture stress episodes are 44 remarkably aggravated, in recent years, greater importance has been directed to research on the 45 unfavorable effects of soil moisture stress on soybean crop performance and yield. 46It is well known that variations in environmental conditions such as photoperiod, water, 47 nutrient status, and solar radiation can have an effect on plant growth and development [3]; 48 however, we now understand that some effects of environmental stressors are transmittable and 49 have fitness and phenotype costs on the F1 generation [4,5,6]. For instance, Nosalewicz et al. [7] 50 reported that exposing barley (Hordeum vulgare (L.)) to drought stress during reproductive 51 stages decreased the shoot: root ratio...

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Assessing morphological characteristics of elite cotton lines from different breeding programmes for low temperature and drought tolerance

Cited by 47 publications

References 36 publications

Associations between first true leaf physiology and seedling vigor in cotton under different field conditions

Associations between first true leaf physiology and seedling vigor in cotton under different field conditions

Parental Environmental Effects on Seed Quality and Germination Response to Temperature of Andropogon gerardii

Poor seed quality, reduced germination, and decreased seedling vigor in soybean is linked to exposure of the maternal lines to drought stress

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