Assessing medication levels in patients and investigating the connection between sports participation and cardiovascular disease (CVD): A systematic review with clinical implications

Abstract

Individuals who have been diagnosed with risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are prescribed drugs by healthcare experts, since it is the leading causes of death globally. Exercise is recommended to improve the cardiovascular system since it lowers the risk of cardiac diseases including stroke and ischemic heart disease. However, the relationship between lung function, heart failure and physical exercise is uncertain. This comprehensive review was employed to assess medication levels in individuals with CVD, investigate the potential connection between sports participation and CVD as well as clarify the relationships between total, domain-specific exercise along with linking cardiovascular-respiratory fitness to the probability of heart failure, with a focus on the clinical implications of these findings. The review included 15 prospective studies out of 5000 publications found in searches of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to 2019-2023. According to research, frequent and intensive physical exercise decreases CVD risk as well as has a good influence on medication levels in CVD patients. This pattern corresponds to leisure-time physical activity, highlighting the significance of combining exercise into regular activities. Physical exercise is essential in reducing CVD, altering medication levels and improving heart health. Regular strenuous exercise improves lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) control, which helps CVD patients manage their medications better. Cardio-respiratory fitness is critical for lowering CVD risk, enhancing drug results and lowering adverse events, implying that organized exercise programs might provide considerable therapeutic advantages. These findings support suggestions to enhance physical activity levels in the general population.