Assessing long- and short-run dynamic interplay among balance of trade, aggregate economic output, real exchange rate, and CO2 emissions in Pakistan

Ahmad, Munir; Jabeen, Gul; Shah, Syed Ahsan Ali; Rehman, Abdul; Ahmad, Fayyaz; Işık, Cem

doi:10.1007/s10668-021-01747-9

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…It is a scenario of a developing nation that focuses on increasing exports. Thus, there is a clear need to make and implement strict policies to control carbon emissions [55].…”

Section: Short-and Long-run Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Correlative Study of Modern Logistics Industry in Developing Economy and Carbon Emission Using ARDL: A Case of Pakistan

Hanif

Alam

et al. 2022

Mathematics

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The modern logistics industry in relation to economic growth and carbon emission has opened new strategic perspectives. Recent research work have analyzed such complex interference from a broad perspective. However, analyzing this overlap needs comprehensive insight into the logistics industry while simultaneously estimating its short-run and long-run effects from regional aspects due to continue-evolving factors and their impact on it. This paper competently analyzes logistics industry components in connection with economic prosperity, energy consumption, trade development, and carbon emission from a more specific regional perspective of a developing country. Methodologically, an autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) is employed using correlative evaluation of the dynamic factors and their interactive impact in short and long run on this relation, based on time-series data of Pakistan from 1990 to 2019. The study results endorse the previous studies’ outcomes by recognizing that an increase in carbon emission depends on trade development, energy usage, economic development, and the logistics industry’s various components except for air logistics. However, study results show a unidirectional long-run causality directing from economic development, logistics industry, energy utilization, and trade development to carbon emission. Moreover, these results reveal that this emission is the leading factor to introduce stringent emission standards that further overlap with regional demographics trends, i.e., carbon emission implications. These findings imply that economic development applies a substantial demand-pull impact on national logistics, i.e., regional economic development directs to the growth of the logistics industry in the corresponding region. Consequently, high-income geographical regions have higher long-run risk concerning contemporary developmental activities of the logistics industry when adhering to carbon emission standards. Particularly, the influence of upcoming emission standards must be prioritized when planning the future returns of contemporary research and development activities of the logistics industry in a given geographic area, such as CPEC. Given Pakistan’s perspective, the proposed empirical analysis can be exampled to other developing countries. This analysis may facilitate the design and development of strategies for upcoming financial funding in the modern logistics industry to seek its sustainable development-goals in developing economies.

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“…It is a scenario of a developing nation that focuses on increasing exports. Thus, there is a clear need to make and implement strict policies to control carbon emissions [55].…”

Section: Short-and Long-run Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Correlative Study of Modern Logistics Industry in Developing Economy and Carbon Emission Using ARDL: A Case of Pakistan

Hanif

Alam

et al. 2022

Mathematics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(2) mixed-order variable integration and model stability and efficiency by the selection of appropriate lagged specifications (Pesaran et al, 2001;Faruqui et al, 2015;Ferdousi and Qamruzzaman, 2017;Ahmad et al, 2022), and (3) unbiased estimation for both long-run and short-run elasticity (Banerjee et al, 1993). For hypothesis, please see Table 2.…”

Section: Cointegration Test Null Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nexus between government debt, economic policy uncertainty, government spending, and governmental effectiveness in BRIC nations: Evidence for linear and nonlinear assessments

Qamruzzaman²

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Quality institutions augment economic sustainability by ensuring domestic resource optimization with equitable development principles. Therefore, ensuring this equitable development and quality institutions is required. This study assessed the effects of government debt, uncertainty of economic policies, and government spending on institutional quality, as measured by governmental effectiveness in BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) nations from1990–2020. This study applied several econometrical techniques for empirical nexus assessment, including Augmented ARDL, nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL), and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests. This study documented long-run cointegration in both symmetry and asymmetric assessments. In the long run, both government debt and uncertain economic policies were significantly negatively associated with institutional quality, while government spending and institutional quality were positively associated. Furthermore, the results of asymmetric ARDL revealed both long- and short-run asymmetric relationships between institutional quality and government debt, EPU, and government spending. The directional causality test documented bidirectional causality between debt and institutional quality in all nations, whereas mixed causalities were detected for uncertain economic policy, institutional quality, and government spending. Regarding policy, the results of this study suggested that economic stability was indispensable for efficient institutional quality in BRIC nations.

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“…Since then, the ARDL approach has been extensively used in investigating long-run associations in empirical studies (Qamruzzaman and Jianguo, 2018;Qamruzzaman and Karim, 2020a;Qamruzzaman and Karim, 2020b;. ARDL estimation possesses certain benefits over traditional cointegration tests, including 1) efficient estimation regardless of the study's sample size (Ghatak and Siddiki, 2001;Rehman et al, 2021;Li and Qamruzzaman, 2022a;Qamruzzaman, 2022b;Xia et al, 2022), 2) capability of handling mixed-order variable integration, and model stability and efficiency can be obtained by selecting appropriate lagged specifications (Pesaran et al, 2001a;Faruqui et al, 2015;Ferdousi and QamruzzamanExport, 2017;Ahmad et al, 2022), and 3) unbiased estimation for both long-run and short-run elasticity (Banerjee et al, 1993).…”

Section: Autoregressive Distributed Laggedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A symmetric and asymmetric nexus between environmental sustainability and tourism development in BRIC nations: What is the role of good governance and globalization?

Guan

Qamruzzaman²

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The motivation of the study was to gauge the impact of environmental quality (EQ), good governance (GG), and globalization (GLO) on tourism development in BRIC nations for the period 1990–2021. The study implements linear and nonlinear frameworks for evaluating the elasticity of explanatory variables on tourism and the directional association by using the non-granger causality test. Combined cointegration test statistics show a long-run association between EQ, GG, and GLO and tourism development in BRIC nations. Furthermore, the long-run association in the empirical estimation is established in both linear and nonlinear framework assessments. Referring to linear assessment, the study documents the positive, statistically significant linkage between good governance, globalization, and tourism development, implying that political stability, governmental effectiveness, and accountability foster tourism development. Furthermore, global economic and financial integration opens a window for tourism development by inducing the economy’s international tourism. On the other hand, environmental degradation reveals adverse statistically significant influences on tourism development, suggesting that the environmental stability in the form of healthy and amicable ambiance positively triggers tourism development, especially in the long run. According to the test statistics of the standard Wald test, it is obvious that there is an asymmetric association between explanatory variables such as EQ, GG, and GLO and tourism development in the long-run and short-run assessment. The directional causality test documented bidirectional causality in explaining the causality between environmental quality and tourism development in Brazil, India, and China, good governance and tourism development in India, and globalization and tourism development in China. On a policy note, the study advocated that BRIC has to ensure environmental protection and governmental effectiveness to promote sustainable development in the tourism sector.

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Assessing long- and short-run dynamic interplay among balance of trade, aggregate economic output, real exchange rate, and CO2 emissions in Pakistan

Cited by 50 publications

References 99 publications

A Correlative Study of Modern Logistics Industry in Developing Economy and Carbon Emission Using ARDL: A Case of Pakistan

A Correlative Study of Modern Logistics Industry in Developing Economy and Carbon Emission Using ARDL: A Case of Pakistan

Nexus between government debt, economic policy uncertainty, government spending, and governmental effectiveness in BRIC nations: Evidence for linear and nonlinear assessments

A symmetric and asymmetric nexus between environmental sustainability and tourism development in BRIC nations: What is the role of good governance and globalization?

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