Assessing land use and land cover of the Marikina sub-watershed, Philippines

Abstract

The integrated remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) approach was utilized in this study to classify land use and land cover (LULC), detect changes based over time, and identify transition trends in the Marikina subwatershed, Laguna de Bay watershed, Philippines. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imageries acquired in 1999 and 2006 were pre-processed and classified using a supervised classification technique with maximum likelihood classifier algorithm in RS and were used to develop maps of the sub-watershed and sub-subwatershed levels in a GIS platform. LULC change analysis revealed that, from 1999 to 2006, significant changes occurred in the sub-watershed as indicated by the increase of agricultural (11.76%) and orchard (4.52%) areas at the expense of brushland (16.56%) areas. Other LULC such as water bodies, built-up, forest, and grassland remain almost unchanged. In the sub-subwatershed level, Tayabasan experienced minimal change, whilst Tanay had the most transitions. Overall accuracy and kappa statistics were then derived using the confusion matrix, which resulted in 96.15% and 95.49% for 1999 imagery, and 93.82% and 92.73% for 2006 imagery, respectively. LULC persistence and transition trends were analyzed using land change modeler, while the Markov chain model has been utilized to predict the LULC distribution in 2020 pertinent to rates of change from 1999 to 2006. This study contributes not only to the understanding of the past and present landscape of the sub-watershed, but also provides an idea of the areas that need rehabilitation for the formulation of suitable mitigation measures and strategies toward the sustainable management of the sub-watershed.

Drivers and impacts of land use and land cover changes on ecosystem services provided by the watersheds in the Philippines: a systematic literature review

“…Examples of studies in this theme include those conducted by Abino et al . (2015), Almarines et al . (2022), Doyog et al .…”

“…Images that are obtained by Landsat 4, Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), and Landsat 7 ETM+ with 30-m spatial resolutions were used in generating land cover data. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were derived from ASTER Global DEM of USGS, Earth Explorer (Abino et al 2015, Magpantay et al 2019, spatial context such as river distance, road distance, and distance (Almarines et al 2022, Arceo et al 2018) and the Digital Soil Map of the World (DSMW) of the Food and Agriculture Administration (FAO) (Briones et al 2016, Palao et al 2013. According to Briones et al (2016), the availability of a soil digital map that contains both the physical and chemical characteristics of soil and is compatible for modelling studies is often limited or unavailable.…”

“…These studies aim to understand how changes in LULC influence soil erosion processes, sediment transport, compaction and infiltration, and the landscape's capacity to retain sediments. Examples of studies in this theme include those conducted by Abino et al (2015), Almarines et al (2022), Doyog et al (2021), Garcia and Galang (2021), Janiola and Puno (2018) and Jardeleza et al (2019). Groundwater recharge and aquifer storage, as an ES category, have relatively fewer studies (mentioned in eight articles).…”

An overview of land fund categories distribution in Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan

“…Supervised classification methods and maximum likelihood algorithm were used for making LULC maps. Because at the present time maximum likelihood algorithms are prominent and were repeatedly used effectively in assessing satellite imageries [17].…”

Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Bostanlik District, Uzbekistan

“…Supervised classification methods and maximum likelihood algorithm were used for preparing LULC maps. Maximum likelihood algorithms are well-known and were repeatedly used effectively in assessing satellite imageries [24]. Finally, six types of LULC classes were identified in the study area: snow cover, bare soil/rock, forest, waterbodies, built-up areas and areas used for agriculture.…”