“…For example, United States of America (USA) dollars (US$) 14.5 billion is the budget allocated to protect New Orleans, Louisiana, USA against category 5 hurricanes (Burnett 2015), the Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico (MOSE) project built to protect Venice, Italy against flooding is estimated at € 5.5 billion (Giovannini 2017), and The Netherlands spent € 8.9 billion from 1954 to 2008 in flood infrastructure (Aerts et al 2008). At a regional scale, sea level rise adaptation strategies have also been applied in Europe (Hinkel et al 2010), Brazil (Lacerda et al 2014), United States of America (USA) (Ashton et al 2008;Song et al 2018), Saudi Arabia (Babu et al 2012), Egypt (Frihy and El-Sayed 2013), Australia (Lin et al 2014), and Bahrain (Al-Jeneid et al 2007). If sea levels were to increase 5.3 m by 2300, assuming a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) emissions scenario, 700 million people are expected to suffer from flooding events every year (Nicholls et al 2018).…”