Thompson-Klein 1996;Turkkan, Kaufman, and Rimer 2000). Researchers and practitioners in the fields of urban planning, public policy, and environmental management long have understood that complex problems such as community violence, environmental degradation, transit-related injuries, sustainable development, brownfields redevelopment and urban change are unlikely to be resolved in the absence of efforts to integrate knowledge drawn from several different disciplines (Blower et al. 1982;Killingsworth 2003;McCarthy 2002;Murdoch 1993;Roland et al. 2002;Scriven 2003;Stokols, Grzywacz, et al. 2003;Schon 1987;Watson 2002).The need for interdisciplinary collaboration toward improved planning practice was recognized long ago. Sdasuk (1976) called for interdisciplinary research aimed at effective regional planning in developing countries. Kozlowski (2002) argued that achieving a comprehensive knowledge of developmental processes is unattainable by individual planners. Among planners' basic skills should be their capacity to synthesize the results of research drawn from several other disciplines and integrate them into a coherent whole. Kozlowski based his claim on the assumption that planning cannot effectively address the major social, economic, and ecological problems faced by communities around the world without an understanding of all disciplines involved in this process and substantial interdisciplinary cooperation.Calls for the adoption of an interdisciplinary perspective by planners have been voiced in earlier discussions of gender and development (Jackson 2002), oceanic and coastal management (Gable 2003), human-nature interactions (Rosa 1999), and sustainable development (Downs 2001), among others. Furthermore, the need for interdisciplinary training in the planning profession has been emphasized by planning scholars for some time now, and numerous attempts have been made to improve the educational process of planners so that it explicitly incorporates an interdisciplinary perspective (Bradbeer 1999). For example, Hammer (1999) proposes several practical strategies to integrate a wider range of interdisciplinary perspectives into
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AbstractA key assumption underlying recent investments toward establishing transdisciplinary research centers and training programs is that cross-disciplinary research and training provide a stronger basis for achieving scientific and societal advances than unidisciplinary programs. It is necessary to develop reproducible and reliable criteria for identifying the distinctive qualities of cross-disciplinary research and training programs, especially in the field of urban and regional planning. The current study provides an exploratory first step toward that goal. A composite scale designed to measure the transdisciplinary qualities of doctoral dissertations as an important product of one's intellectual development and graduate training was constructed and administered in the present study. Dissertations completed over a twenty-five-year period by Ph.D. candidates within an interdi...