Assessing Individual Risk for Prostate Cancer

Nam, Robert K.; Toi, Ants; Klotz, Laurence; Trachtenberg, John; Jewett, Michael A.S.; Appu, Sree; Loblaw, D.A.; Sugar, Linda; Narod, Steven A.; Kattan, Michael W.

doi:10.1200/jco.2007.10.6450

Cited by 152 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although use of any particular cutoff point for PSA is not established as optimal, the recognition that many patients with a serum PSA over 2.5 ng ml À1 have prostate cancer makes discussion of prostate cancer risks with an informed provider necessary. 12,[17][18][19] There are several interesting findings in this study. First, non-urologist physicians ordered PSA tests on 2884 men in 1 year's time at our institution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Risk calculators have been developed which use these personalized values in place of relying on a generalized threshold value, and are freely available online. [17][18][19][20] This type of patient-oriented, tailored approach which eliminates traditional thresholds may assist in the dialogue between physician and patient on what course of management is best for that particular patient, on the basis of evidence-based medicine and the informed patient's personal preference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of electronic medical records to identify patients at risk for prostate cancer in an academic institution

Erickstad

Reed

Bhat

et al. 2010

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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One purported advantage of electronic medical records (EMRs) is to improve patient care. This study uses a search of EMR to identify patients at risk for prostate cancer who were not evaluated by an urologist. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW) has an institutional outpatient EMR that is used by all providers in all specialties. Since March 2009, all PSA tests were reported with specific interpretative comments including a recommendation for referral to urology for a PSA 42.5 ng ml À1 . All PSA tests were performed on campus since institution of these recommendations were analyzed, and charts reviewed for all patients not seen in urology with a serum PSA 42.5 ng ml À1 . Of the 2884 non-urology patients that had a serum PSA drawn between March 2009 and February 2010 at UTSW, 293 patients had a serum PSA 42.5 ng ml À1 . Of these, 39 patients had known prostate cancer and were seeing an oncologist. There were 59 patients seeing urologists outside the institution. A total of 195 patients were not seen by an urologist and only 11 patients were recommended to see one but did not make an appointment. There were 151 patients with more than one PSA in the system, and of these 103 had a rise in PSA with a median rise of 0.53 ng ml À1 per year. EMR allows identification of patients at increased risk of prostate cancer who are not evaluated. Prospective studies are needed to identify ways to improve appropriate evaluation and detection of prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of electronic medical records to identify patients at risk for prostate cancer in an academic institution

Erickstad

Reed

Bhat

et al. 2010

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Sunnybrook risk calculator was developed using clinical data from 3,108 Canadian men and utilize PSA, percent free PSA, age, family history, race, International Prostate Symptom Score, and DRE [71]. This tool assesses risk for any cancer and high-grade (Gleason score ≥7) disease and has reportedly fairly high accuracy for predicting either event (AUC 0.74 and AUC 0.77, respectively) [71].…”

Section: Integrated Prediction Of Prostate Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This tool assesses risk for any cancer and high-grade (Gleason score ≥7) disease and has reportedly fairly high accuracy for predicting either event (AUC 0.74 and AUC 0.77, respectively) [71]. The original investigators later performed a prospective, multiinstitutional evaluation and found the Sunnybrook calculator to outperform the PCPT in terms of predicting any disease (AUC 0.67 vs. 0.61), as well as aggressive disease (AUC 0.72 vs. 0.67) [65•].…”

Section: Integrated Prediction Of Prostate Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Based Prostate Cancer Screening: Who and How?

2013

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The purpose of this review is to identify clinical risk factors for prostate cancer and to assess the utility and limitations of our current tools for prostate cancer screening. Prostate-specific antigen is the single most important factor for identifying men at increased risk of prostate cancer but is best assessed in the context of other clinical factors; increasing age, race, and family history are well-established risk factors for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In addition to clinical risk calculators, novel tools such as multiparametric imaging, serum or urinary biomarkers, and genetic profiling show promise in improving prostate cancer diagnosis and characterization. Optimal use of existing and future tools will help alleviate the problems of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-risk prostate cancer without reversing the substantial mortality declines that have been achieved in the screening era.

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“…Currently, a common method for the detection of prostate cancer is a blood test known as the prostate specific antigen test. However, doubts have been raised about the accuracy and usefulness of this test (Nam et al 2007). Another test is the digital rectal exam which measures the size and texture of the prostate gland manually (Chodak et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of bombesin-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles and their specific uptake in prostate cancer cells

et al. 2009

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The imaging of molecular markers associated with disease offers the possibility for earlier detection and improved treatment monitoring. Receptors for gastrin-releasing peptide are overexpressed on prostate cancer cells offering a promising imaging target, and analogs of bombesin, an amphibian tetradecapeptide have been previously demonstrated to target these receptors. Therefore, the pan-bombesin analog [β-Ala11, Phe13, Nle14]bombesin-(7-14) was conjugated through a linker to dye-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the development of a new potential magnetic resonance imaging probe. The peptide was conjugated via click chemistry, demonstrating a complementary alternative methodology to CIHR Author ManuscriptCIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript conventional peptide-nanoparticle conjugation strategies. The peptide-functionalized nanoparticles were then demonstrated to be selectively taken up by PC-3 prostate cancer cells relative to unfunctionalized nanoparticles and this uptake was inhibited by the presence of free peptide, confirming the specificity of the interaction. This study suggests that these nanoparticles have the potential to serve as magnetic resonance imaging probes for the detection of prostate cancer.

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Assessing Individual Risk for Prostate Cancer

Abstract: In a PC screening program, it is important to consider age, family history of PC, ethnicity, urinary voiding symptoms, and free:total PSA ratio, in addition to PSA and DRE.

Cited by 152 publications

References 30 publications

Use of electronic medical records to identify patients at risk for prostate cancer in an academic institution

Use of electronic medical records to identify patients at risk for prostate cancer in an academic institution

Risk-Based Prostate Cancer Screening: Who and How?

Synthesis of bombesin-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles and their specific uptake in prostate cancer cells

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