Assessing Indigenous Knowledge through Farmers’ Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change in Pakistan

Abstract

Climate change has become a convinced hazard in the way of realizing sustainable development goals. It greatly affects the living conditions of the poor as they have very low adaptation capacity; furthermore, their livelihoods are greatly dependent on agriculture, which in turn is highly reliant on climate [1, 2]. Although several attempts have been made by developing countries through government and nongovernmental organizations to assist the adaptation

Synchronized agricultural credit and diversification adoption to catastrophic risk manage for wheat production in Punjab, Pakistan

“…In choosing the strategy of diversification adoption, the impact of farmers risk perception about drought, heavy rain, pest and diseases is positive whereas impact of negative risk perception regarding flood, hail storm and heavy wind. Flood risk perception in contrast with studies of Ali et al, (2019), Akhtar et al, (2019) and Ahmad et al, (2020) whereas in consistent with the studies of Ullah et al, (2015) and . The positive drought perception of farmers regarding to wheat crop indicating as wheat crop in Pakistan is grown in winter season where water availability for wheat crop is low causes more issue of drought while flood scenario is extremely low in winter and more probability of summer season.…”

“…Positive relation in age of farmer and diversification in farm activities indicated in this study illustrating as aged farmers mostly are more experienced and more willing to using farm diversification regarding the severe impacts of castrophic risks. Some studies Abbas et al, (2017), Ahmad and Afzal, (2020) and are in line with these findings as indicating positive relation of age and diversification adaption whereas some studies Ali et al, (2019), Abbas et al, (2015) and Shah et al, (2021) illustrated negative impact of age with diversification adaption so mix scenario related to age and farm diversification estimated in literature. Higher probability of diversification regarding higher income was indicated in this study illustrating as higher income motivates farmers for adopting more diversification to generating more income sources.…”

“What are you going to do, Protest the Wind?”: Community Perceptions of Emergent and Worsening Coastal Erosion from the Remote Bering Sea Community of St. Paul, Alaska

“…The residents’ sense of skepticism in what “they” are working on to address the issue seems to stem from a more general sense of distrust not specific to coastal erosion. This sense of primary responsibility being inherent to government and other institutional bodies, paired with mistrust from the community, has been documented in other Indigenous communities facing climate impacts (Petheram et al 2014 ; Ali et al 2019 ). Additionally, in the case of St. Paul, a gap in understanding each organization’s capabilities, limitations, resources, and roles was also documented, thus demonstrating how there is room for improved coordination among the three entities.…”

“…Most published studies that document adaptation efforts in the Arctic tend to focus on communities that are advanced or imminently threatened. It is also notable that many of these documented efforts lack traditional knowledge inclusion in a meaningful way, as similarly found in other adaptation efforts outside of the Arctic (Boillat and Berkes 2013;Petheram et al 2014;Carmichael et al 2017;Ali et al 2019;Mugambiwa and Rukema 2019). We posit that focusing on climate-related issues that are emergentnot just those that are long-standing or acute-provides a critical way to proactively address climate impacts before they become too extreme, unwieldy, or costly to sufficiently address.…”

“…This is because, while collaborative approaches are key to instrumenting meaningful action (Callaghan et al 2020), they can also lead to discourse with divergent opinions which, despite the obstacles, are still important in facilitating mutual support for later decisions (Curtis and Hauber 1997;Blair et al 2014); Armitage et al 2007). Understanding community perceptions is also invaluable because it can reveal how community members understand the organizations and institutions responsible for leading adaption efforts, thus opening the door for conversations on the structural limitations and opportunities to support community-driven adaption planning (Ali et al 2019).…”