Assessing impacts of alternative land use strategies on water partitioning, storage and ages in drought‐sensitive lowland catchments using tracer‐aided ecohydrological modelling

Abstract

Continuing negative rainfall anomalies, coupled with climate change projections of increased drought severity and frequency, drive an urgent need to increase resilience and integration in land and water management strategies in many regions of the world. However, complex interactions between land cover change, ecohydrological partitioning and water availability are difficult to quantify, especially at different temporal and spatial scales. In conjunction with local stakeholders, we developed plausible, alternative land use scenarios (including forest diversification and agroforestry schemes) based on the existing four primary land use types (i.e., conifer and broadleaved forests, arable agriculture, and pasture) in a 66 km2 drought‐sensitive catchment in northern Germany. We used modelling to evaluate spatial and temporal changes in water flux partitioning, storage and ages. The spatially‐distributed, tracer‐aided ecohydrological model, EcH2O‐iso, calibrated using hydrometric, ecohydrological and isotopic data at daily time steps from 2007 to 2019 was used in this assessment. The results showed that replacing conifer forests with uneven‐aged mixed forests with younger broad‐leaved trees had the greatest potential for reducing total evapotranspiration and increasing groundwater recharge. For coniferous forests, a 50% increase in the proportion of broad‐leaved trees was projected to result in an 11% increase in groundwater recharge across the catchment. The mixed‐forest management alternatives also reduced groundwater turnover times, which would support more rapid recovery of soil moisture and groundwater stores following droughts. This study demonstrates that such an ecohydrological modelling approach has the potential to contribute useful science‐based evidence for policy makers allowing quantitative assessment of potential land use effects on water availability and effective communication with stakeholders.

The ecohydrology of rewilding: A pressing need for evidence in the restoration of upland Atlantic salmon streams

“…In addition, the scale of a particular change relative to a particular catchment or river basin will strongly influence the likely impact; the cumulative effects of multiple interventions are also difficult to assess (e.g., Golden & Hoghooghi, 2018). When ecohydrological impacts are a primary component of a restoration scheme, a range of research tools is available allowing interdisciplinary teams of specialists to make qualitative and quantitative assessments with appropriate consideration of uncertainty and risk (e.g., Wohl et al, 2015Wohl et al, , 2023Smith et al, 2021;Luo et al, 2024). Surprisingly, when the focus of restoration is more ecological or species-focused, and carried out by land-or rivermanagement agencies lacking appropriate specialist expertise, ecohydrological assessment may be only cursory and expert evaluation is often lacking.…”

“…Mitigation is likely to be limited in the largest wet-season flood events that usually do the most extensive and costly damage (Soulsby et al, 2017;Peskett et al, 2023). Moreover, an often-overlooked corollary of increased water use by trees can significantly reduce baseflows which may reduce water availability and have undesirable effects on aquatic habitat or water quality during periods of low flow (Neill et al, 2021;Luo et al, 2024).…”