Assessing impact of dry spells on the principal rainfed crops in major dryland regions of India

Bal, Santanu Kumar; Kumar, Pradeep; Rao, A V R K; Pramod, V. P.; Manikandan, N.; Rao, Ch. Srinivasa; Singh, N. P.; Bhaskar, S.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108768

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In India, 57% of the net sown areas are rainfed under different agroecosystems (Bal et al, 2022). A significant proportion of the area under semi-arid regions in India had been brought under canal irrigation by developing dams on the rivers with seasonal water flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in soil microbial biomass and organic C pools improve the sustainability of perennial grass and legume system under organic nutrient management

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThe perennial grass–legume cropping system benefits soil because of its high biomass turnover, cover cropping nature, and different foraging behaviors. We investigated the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and their stock to organic and inorganic nutrient management in the Guinea grass and legume (cowpea-Egyptian clover) cropping system.MethodsDepth-wise soil samples were collected after harvesting the Egyptian clover. Based on the ease of oxidation with chromic acid, different pools of SOC oxidizable using the Walkley–Black C method, very labile, labile, less labile, non-labile; and dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and total organic C (TOC) in soils were analyzed for computing several indices of SOC.Result and discussionAfter 10 years of crop cycles, FYM and NPKF nutrient management recorded greater DOC, MBC, SOC stocks, and C sequestration than the NPK. Stocks of all SOC pools and carbon management index (CMI) decreased with soil depth. A significant improvement in CMI, stratification ratio, sensitivity indices, and sustainable yield index was observed under FYM and NPKF. This grass–legume intercropping system maintained a positive carbon balance sequestered at about 0.8Mg C ha−1 after 10 years without any external input. Approximately 44–51% of the applied carbon through manure was stabilized with SOC under this cropping system. The DOC, MBC, and SOC in passive pools were identified for predicting dry fodder yield. This study concludes that the application of organics in the perennial grass–legume inter cropping system can maintain long-term sustainability, enhance the C sequestration, and offset the carbon footprint of the farm enterprises.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in soil microbial biomass and organic C pools improve the sustainability of perennial grass and legume system under organic nutrient management

et al. 2023

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“…The geographical location along with coordinates of the study area and households are presented in Figure 1. The region is characterized by more dry spells, high evapotranspiration, scanty vegetation, and high temperature (Bal et al, 2022; Sobral et al, 2019). The details of household, geographical, cropping system, and farming system modules are given in Table S1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional farming has contributed to climate change through degradation of natural resources and loss of biodiversity in the Indian semiarid region. Further, climate change induced longer dry‐spells drought, changes in onset and cessation of crop growing season (Bal et al, 2022), altered crop growing periods, and reduced species diversity has the potential to damage natural resources (Todmal, 2019) and is a real threat to farming livelihoods. However, it will especially result in loss of livelihood for small and marginal households in the semiarid region, wherein adoption of innovative interventions, diversification and integration of crops and livestock are currently limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable livelihood security of small farmers improved through a resilient farming system in thesemiaridregion of India

Ravisankar¹,

Ansari

Shamim

et al. 2022

Land Degrad Dev

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Improving the farming system to attain the household level self‐sufficiency, land utilization efficiency and sustainable livelihood security depends on better socio‐economic and ecological aspects of the systems practiced by the small farmers in the semiarid regions of India. The higher sustainable livelihood security index (SLSI) in the integrated crops‐livestock system helps to restore economic and ecological sustainability. The aim of this study was to analyze how various modules of farming in different combinations have interacted with the diversification of existing systems. We used the ecological security index (ESI), economic efficiency index (EEI), and social equity index (SEI) to produce a SLSI of improved integrated farming system (IFS) compared with benchmark farming in semiarid regions. In this study, different existing IFS comprising of seven modules (field crops, dairy, goats, poultry, horticulture, fishery, and apiary) in different combinations were examined. Results revealed that 72.5% farmers preferred to integrate two modules, where as 95% of farmers adopted field crops + dairy (FC + D) in preference to other modules. The sustainability indicators: ESI (+43.3%), EEI (+16.0%), SEI (+11.6%), and SLSI (+6.0%) were improved in the FC + D farming system to a greater degree than other IFS module combinations. Similarly, improved IFS interventions also increased sustainability indicators over benchmark farming. Based on large scale household studies over 5 years, our findings suggest that the improved IFS succeeded in providing a wider array of livelihood security than existing practices. Hence, the paradigm shift from component approach to an IFS‐based resilient system, which is economically viable, environmentally sustainable, and socially acceptable, is needed for development of semiarid regions.

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“…For an intensive agriculture and crop diversification water is a vital component. Large distribution of rainfed agriculture (52 percent of country's net sown area) in India results in need for area expansion under irrigation to increase food security ( Bal et al, 2022). However, water requirement for domestic use, industrial requirement and agricultural need increases but the supply of fresh water globally decreases with time (Flörke et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on impact of salt stress in soil health and its suitable control measure

Sharma

Devi

Meetei

2022

ECJ

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Soil salinity is associated with the accumulation of soluble salts in higher concentration deteriorating soil health associated with unfavourable environment for plant growth. It is mostly confined to those regions where there is high temperature and low precipitation, mostly in arid and semi-arid regions. Major factors responsible for soil salinity can be categorised into primary and secondary factor affecting at the spatial and temporal scale. Higher concentration of soluble salts in soil increase the osmotic potential disrupting the movement of water from root to leaf. So, soil salinity is primarily associated with the water stress condition in plants which is a direct impact to plants. Indirectly it interferes with the nutrients absorption which is one of the most important factors for proper plant growth. Plants poses different mechanisms to avoid salt stress condition in soil but maximum of it are an active processes were additional energy must have to spend for it that can impact proper growth and production. The ions primarily responsible for both the soil and plant stress under soil salinity are Na+ and Cl- which concentration increases with certain primary and secondary soil salinization factors. So, primary aim to control the impact of soil salinity is to reduce the activity/concentration of both Na+ and Cl- from the soil. So, use of the essential nutrients (K+ and SO4-2) that has an antagonistic relationship with the salts is a new approach. Due to similar charge and physico chemical properties of K+ and SO4-2 with toxic ions Na+ and Cl- respectively, there lies an antagonistic relationship. Furthermore, SO4-2 of its less toxicity to plants and improve soil pH condition especially in arid and semi-arid region, the combination of K+ and SO4-2 salt is a good combination to ameliorate the Na+ and Cl- toxicity under saline soil.

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Assessing impact of dry spells on the principal rainfed crops in major dryland regions of India

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Changes in soil microbial biomass and organic C pools improve the sustainability of perennial grass and legume system under organic nutrient management

Changes in soil microbial biomass and organic C pools improve the sustainability of perennial grass and legume system under organic nutrient management

Sustainable livelihood security of small farmers improved through a resilient farming system in thesemiaridregion of India

A review on impact of salt stress in soil health and its suitable control measure

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