Assessing human health risks from chemically contaminated fish and shellfish : a guidance manual / U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection, Office of Water Regulations and Standards.

Abstract

Background 2 1986 EPA Risk Assessment Guidelines 3 Regulatory Roles and Coordination of Federal, State, and Local Agencies 3 Applicability of this Guidance Manual 4 Relationship of this Manual to Other EPA Documents 5 Relationship of Fisheries Risk Assessment to Water Quality Standards 5 Relationship of Fisheries Risk Assessment to Monitoring Under the Clean Water Act 6 Relationship of EPA Risk Assessment Methods to FDA Risk Assessment Methods 7 CHAPTER 2: Overview of Risk Assessment and Risk Management Major Steps in Risk Assessment Need for Risk Assessment Appproach 12 Uses of Risk Assessment CHAPTERS: Hazard IdentiHcation Contaminants of Concern 15 Toxicity Profiles Sources of Information CHAPTER 4: Dose-Response Assessment Exposure and Dose Dose-Response Relationships Carcinogenic Potency Factors Reference Doses Sources of Information Carcinogenic Potency Factors Reference Doses CHAPTERS: Exposure Assessment Measurement of Contaminant Concentrations in Tissues Study Objectives and General Sampling Desifft Selection of Target Species and Size Classes Sampling Station Locations 41 Time of Sampling 43 Kinds of Samples 44 Sample Replication 47 Selection ofAnalytical Detection Limits and Protocols 47 QA/QC Program 48 Documentation and QA Review of Chemical Data 50 Statistical Treatment of Data 51 Analysis of Sources, Transport, and Fate of Contaminants 52 Analysis of Exposed Populations 53 Comprehensive Catch/Consumption Analysis 54 Assumed Consumption Rate 57 Exposure Dose Determination 59 Single-Species Diets 59 Mixed-Species Diets 60 Sources of Information 61 CHAPTER 6: Risk Characterization 63 Carcinogenic Risk 63 Noncarcinogenic Effects 64 Chemical Mixtures 66