Assessing hazardous risks of human exposure to temple airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Chiang, Kuo-Chih; Chio, Chia-Pin; Chiang, Yu-Hui; Liao, Chung‐Min

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.084

Cited by 122 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The daily inhalation dose in the present study is comparable to that for the population in the night market in Taiwan, which was significantly affected by grilling practices (Kuo et al, 2005). A previous study also showed temple workers in Taiwan with a comparable daily inhalation dose (0.076 µg kg day -1 at the 50 th percentile) (Chiang et al, 2009). Notably, only inhalation exposure was considered in the present study; ingestion of and dermal contact with particlebound PAHs would potentially be expected to highly contribute to total human exposure to airborne PAHs (Chiang et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Occupational Inhalation Exposuresupporting

confidence: 78%

Evaluation of Inhalation Exposure to Carcinogenic PM10-Bound PAHs of People at Night Markets of an Urban Area in a Metropolis in Eastern China

Zhang

Peng

Chen

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Inhalable particle bounded carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose high health risks to both food service workers and consumers cooking or purchasing late night snacks, respectively, in night markets because PAHs are generated in abundance during thermal cooking processes such as barbecue grilling. In the present study, sixteen carcinogenic PAHs in PM 10 collected during open hours from eight night markets in an urban area of a metropolis in eastern China were determined. The total concentration of PAHs (ΣPAH) ranged from 145 to 1340 ng m -3 , with an arithmetic mean of 828 ± 360 ng m -3 . Five-and six-ringed PAHs were predominant in the composition, implying a combination of sources including cooking and traffic. Low coefficient of divergence values for individual PAH homologous among all sampling sites indicated similar sources. The occurrence of PM 10 -bound PAHs appeared to depend on the gasparticle partitioning processes and emission sources according to the results of principal component analysis (PCA). The daily inhalation rate of particle and predicted gaseous benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-equivalent adjusted PAHs (BaP eq ) for the workers due to occupational exposure was 0.451-3.43 µg day -1 . Correspondingly, the occupational exposure risk for workers with one year of service was less than the acceptable risk level (10 -6 ). However, the risk for people who had worked for more than 3 years exceeded 10 -6 but was less than the priority risk level (10 -4 ). For consumers, the maximum consumption time (t max ) for each time under the acceptable risk level would increase with an increase in age, and the exposure risk for infants, toddlers and children is high when PM 10 -bound PAHs are inhaled. We recommend that t max should be less than 1 hour for consumers under 25 years old. Therefore, our results indicate that both workers and consumers in the night markets have high cancer risks due to inhalation of PM 10 -bound PAHs.

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Section: Occupational Inhalation Exposuresupporting

confidence: 78%

Evaluation of Inhalation Exposure to Carcinogenic PM10-Bound PAHs of People at Night Markets of an Urban Area in a Metropolis in Eastern China

Zhang

Peng

Chen

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…In contrast, the contribution of exposure concentrations to the resulting distributions of the hazard quotient was 61.7% for Chr, suggesting that the exposure concentration affected the ecological risk of Chr to a great extent. Although Monte Carlo simulation was especially useful when there were multiple parameters involved in the complex models for risk assessment (Chiang et al 2009), this method has several limitations. For example, the potential correlations among the parameters used in the risk model can lead to inaccurate results.…”

Section: Uncertainty Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing ecological risk for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water from Lake Taihu, China

Guo

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Lake Taihu provides vital ecological services for humans in China; it receives a great deal of attention regarding its ecological and environmental conditions. In this study, the ecological risks of eight individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water were assessed using probabilistic distributions of the hazard quotient based on Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the 95th percentile of the hazard quotients ranged from 0.00074 to 2.831, and the ecological risk of Flua was highest, followed by, in descending order of risk, B[a]P > Pyr > Ant> Phe > Flu > Ace > Chr. The probabilities of hazard quotients exceeding a decision criteria of 0.3 were 18.09%, 6.51%, 3.76%, and 2.85% for Flua, B[a]P, Pyr, and Ant, respectively, indicating their potential ecological risks to aquatic organisms. The spatial distribution of hazard quotients for these four individual PAHs with potential ecological risk were obtained using Geographic Information System (GIS), and similar spatial distribution patterns were also observed in the lake. The highest ecological risks of these four individual PAHs to aquatic organisms were found in Meiliang Bay, followed by Gonghu Bay and Xukou Bay. The uncertainty within the ecological risk assessment was also discussed.

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“…Those incense sticks are usually burned in indoor environments such as temples and household, where poorly ventilated condition is usually observed. One study showed that incense burning for worship purposes is found in 50% of the Taiwanese household [1]. This indicates that the majority of the Taiwanese are used to smoke dusts resulted from incense burning in their houses during their life time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chao and his colleagues also pointed out that PAHs from the products of incense burning may induce the human lung cancers [4]. In addition to carcinogenic effects, exposure to such pollutants may result in some acute irritation symptoms, especially for the upper airway [1]. In fact, incense burning has been considered as a significant contributor of indoor particle concentration in Asian countries [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Distribution of Aromatic Incense Burning Products

Lin¹,

Hsu²,

Su³

2015

IJESD

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Abstract-Aromatic incense burning, which is aimed to alleviate some psychological and physical disorders, in indoor settings has been popular globally, yet the resulting indoor air pollution and the potential hazards arisen from incense burning has usually been ignored by most people. To date, knowledge about aromatic incense burning and the potential adverse health effects are still limited. Whether the size distribution of particulate form of combustion products is determined by the fragrance of aromatic incense burning is not clear. Accordingly, the present study is aiming to explore the size distribution of the particulate products from aromatic incense burning. In this study, three kinds of aromatic incense (lavender, rose, aglaia) were combusted in a homemade chamber, the Marple cascade impactor was used to collect different size ranges of particles and other combustion-related pollutants. The results of the study indicated that most of the particles emitted were smaller than PM 2.5 , regardless the fragrance of aromatic incense. The major sizes fell within the range between 1.55μm and 0.93μm and lavender incense was found to have the greatest emission factor in this size range. Compared with the regular incenses, aromatic incense burning has smaller emission factor. This study concludes that the combustion products of these three fragrances of aromatic incense are mainly PM 2.5 and may pose adverse health effect when inhaled. Therefore, adequate ventilation is strongly suggested when aromatic incense is burning and moderate usage is advised. Moreover, future studies on other popular fragrances of incense and many more forms of aromatic products are warranted.Index Terms-Aromatic incense, particle size distribution, PM 2.5 .

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Assessing hazardous risks of human exposure to temple airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 122 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of Inhalation Exposure to Carcinogenic PM10-Bound PAHs of People at Night Markets of an Urban Area in a Metropolis in Eastern China

Evaluation of Inhalation Exposure to Carcinogenic PM10-Bound PAHs of People at Night Markets of an Urban Area in a Metropolis in Eastern China

Characterizing ecological risk for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water from Lake Taihu, China

Particle Size Distribution of Aromatic Incense Burning Products

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