Assessing genetic diversity and population structure of <i>Salix viminalis</i> across Ergun and West Liao basin

Abstract

Highlights• High genetic diversity and moderate population differentiation were detected in twelve Salix viminalis populations.• Populations from Ergun basin presented higher genetic diversity than populations from West Liao basin.• Populations with short distances presented low differentiation. AbstractSalix viminalis L. is an important shrub that has potential for use as a bioenergy crop, for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and sewage sludge treatment. It is mainly distributed in the northeast of China, but the species has not yet been used a resource here. We examined the genetic diversity and population structure of populations from the Ergun basin and West Liao basin using 20 microsatellite markers. A high level of genetic diversity (N a = 16.45, H e = 0.742) was detected for S. viminalis, and populations from the Ergun basin exhibited higher genetic diversity and private alleles numbers than the West Liao basin. The 12 populations could be divided into two clusters by both Bayesian analysis and UPGMA clustering which were consistent with the populations derived from the two basins. Moderate population differentiation (F ST = 0.076) was shown in S. viminalis, and AMOVA analysis confirmed that most of the genetic variation (86.13%) was attributed to individual differences within populations, while 11.49% was attributed to differences between basins and 2.38% to differences within each basin. Significant correlations of F ST /(1-F ST ) with log (geographic distance) among 12 populations (r = 0.634, p ﹤ 0.00) and 10 populations within the Ergun basin (r = 0.482, p = 0.0002) indicated that geographical distance was the principal factor influencing genetic structure. As most of genetic variation exist within populations, so protection measures should be focused on populations with higher genetic diversity and unique alleles, such as Tuli, Mordaga downstream, Zhadun1 and Genhe.

Effect of Ash from Salix viminalis on the Biomass and Heating Value of Zea mays and on the Biochemical and Physicochemical Properties of Soils

“…It may be cultivated in areas of low agricultural productivity and wastelands [5]. Finally, osier (Salix viminalis) has been reported to ensure the best performance among the energy crops [8] and has also been found effective in soil remediation [9].…”