Assessing general urban socio-economic conditions with conventional air photography

Henderson, Floyd M.; Utano, Jack J.

doi:10.1016/0031-8663(75)90007-1

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…In the past, most quality-of-life studies made use of census data to extract socio-economic indicators. Only recently have factor analytic studies documented how quality-of-life indicators (such as house value, median family income, average number of rooms, average rent, and education) can be estimated by extracting the urban attributes summarized in Table 2 from relatively high spatial resolution (1 0.25 to 30 m) imagery (Monier and Green, 1953;Green, 1957;McCoy and Metivier, 1973;Tuyahov et al, 1973;Henderson and Utano, 1975;Jensen, 1983;Lindgren, 1985;Holz, 1988;Avery and Berlin, 1993;Haack et al, 1997;Lo and Faber, 1998). Note that the attributes in Table 2 are arranged by site (building and lot) and situation.…”

Section: Quality-of-life Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Urban/Suburban Infrastructure and Socio‐Economic Attributes

Jensen

Cowen²

2011

The Map Reader

261

207

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Temporal and spatial resolution requirements for extracting urban/suburban infrastructure and socio-economic attributes from remote sen.& data are presented. The goal is to relate the user information requirements with the current and proposed remote sensing systems to determine if there are substantive gaps in capability. Several remote sensing systems currently provide some of the desired urban/suburban infrastructure and socio-economic information when the required spatial resolution is poorer than 4 by 4 m and the temporal resolution is between 1 and 55 days (e.g., Landsat MSS and Thematic Mapper, SPOTI-4, Russian TK-350, RADARSAT, Indian IRS-ICD, NOAA AVHRR, GOES, Meteosat). Current high spatial resolution sensor systems such as the Russian SPIN-2 KVR-1000 (2-by 2-m panchromatic; when in orbit) and proposed sensor systems (EOSAT Space Imaging IKONOS 1-by 1-m panchromatic; Earth Watch Quickbird 0.82 by 0.82 m; Orbview-3 1 by I m) may provide additional capability. Large-scale metric aerial photography or digital camera imagery with spatial resolutions ranging from I 0.25 to 1 m will still be required to satisfy several important urban/suburban information requirements. TABLE 1.

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Section: Quality-of-life Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Urban/Suburban Infrastructure and Socio‐Economic Attributes

Jensen

Cowen²

2011

The Map Reader

261

207

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Estimation of the magnitude and spatial distribution of combustible materials in urban areas. A case study of the San Jose area, California

et al. 1988

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This paper describes a methodology for estimating the magnitude and spatial distribution of urban fuel loadings using San Jose, California, as a case study. The study was undertaken to provide basic inputs into the modeling of large urban fires ignited by nuclear explosions, which has important implications for studies of the global climatic effects of nuclear war, or the so-called 'nuclear winter' phenomenon. The methodology is based on the measurement of the numbers and sizes of different building occupancy types from aerial photographs for approximately 6OOO grid cells covering the study area. These measurements were combined with literaturederived average fuel loadings for each building type to yield the total fuel loading per cell. The total fuel loading thus calculated is approximately 4558.56 x lo6 kg, yielding an average of 8.4 kg m-' (1.7 lb ft-') for the built-up area of the city and 9.4 kg m-' (1.9 Ib ft-') if unoccupied cells (i.e. cells containing no fuel) within the built-up area are excluded. These figures are lower than previously published average values, due to the lowdensity character of San Jose and the exclusion of certain components of total fuel loading by the methodology. INTRODUCTIONThis paper describes a methodology for estimating the magnitude and spatial distribution of fuel loadings in urban areas, using San Jose, California, as a case study. The stud) was undertaken to provide the data necessary for modeling the dynamics of large urban fires resulting from nuclear explosions.' Such modeling has important implications for studies of the global climatic effects of nuclear war, the so-called 'nuclear winter' phenomenon, since the amount and character of smoke produced in urban fire\ is hypothesized to be a main determinant of the net reduction in global temperatures that might r e~u l t .~-~ The spread and severity of such fires is dependent not only on the total amount of fuel available for combustion but also on the spatial distribution of fuel, including local variations in building densities and combustible material types and amounts, and the location, orientation and width of fire breaks. Areas of high building density facilitate the spread of fire by radiation, convection, conduction and fire brands. In contrast, discontinuities associated with natural and man-made fire break\ such as freeways, rivers, reservoirs, parks and undeveloped land tend to impede the spread of fire.Simulations using urban fire spread models suggest that variations in the spatial distribution of fuel can have a significant impact on the pattern of fire spread, the rate of fuel consumption and the quantity of fuel b~r n e d .~The ability of the nuclear winter thesis to affect changes in nuclear policy, such as those proposed by Sagan,'j is highly dependent on the perceived reliability of the scientific evidence on which it is based. This issue is particularly problematic in the case of nuclear winter due to a lack of adequate and accurate data for a large set of required parameters, the existence of essent...

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Surveys of squatter settlements with sequential aerial photography — A case study in Hong Kong

1979

Photogrammetria

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Assessing general urban socio-economic conditions with conventional air photography

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Remote Sensing of Urban/Suburban Infrastructure and Socio‐Economic Attributes

Remote Sensing of Urban/Suburban Infrastructure and Socio‐Economic Attributes

Estimation of the magnitude and spatial distribution of combustible materials in urban areas. A case study of the San Jose area, California

Surveys of squatter settlements with sequential aerial photography — A case study in Hong Kong

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