Assessing gender bias in qualitative evaluations of surgical residents

Gerull, Katherine M; Loe, Maren E.; Seiler, Kristen M.; McAllister, Jared; Salles, Arghavan

doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.09.029

Cited by 126 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…less favourably) than comparable men (Lebares, Braun, Guvva, Espel, & Hecht, 2018;Salles, Milam, Cohen, & Mueller, 2018;Seemann et al, 2016) and report feeling excluded and isolated, particularly in early career . There is also evidence they are evaluated less positively than men during surgical residency (Gerull, Loe, Seiler, McAllister, & Salles, 2019). Such findings provide support for Crompton's (1987) earlier argument that while women may attain admission into a profession and achieve formal equality in terms of pay rates and working conditions, the organizational context in which they practice that profession, such as particular hospitals, can generate other forms of gender exclusion that are 'extremely difficult to research and quantify' (p. 423).…”

Section: Gender and Professionssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Previous literature on women and surgery has identified problems combining work with motherhood, and the less favourable treatment they report experiencing in interactions and in formal and informal systems of networking, mentoring and performance evaluation Gerull et al, 2019;Lebares et al, 2018;Salles et al, 2018;Seemann et al, 2016;Wallace, 2014;Webster et al, 2016;Tsouroufli, 2018aTsouroufli, , 2018b. Our study extends this body of work by explicitly applying a 'rationality of caring' (Davies, 1995;Waerness, 1984) lens to generate new insights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Not coincidentally, its status at the top of the medical hierarchy is unchallenged and it exemplifies the detached, agentic, masculine professional ideal with its simultaneous repression of, and dependence on, care work. There is also evidence they are evaluated less positively than men during surgical residency (Gerull, Loe, Seiler, McAllister, & Salles, 2019). Previous quantitative research of female surgeons in the US has shown they perceive being treated differently (i.e.…”

Section: Gender and Professionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contradictions concerning care: Female surgeons' accounts of the repression and resurfacing of care in their profession

Ainsworth

Flanagan

2019

Gender Work & Organization

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Surgery is a high-status, distinctly embodied, profession, dominated by men and saturated with masculine ideals of individual heroism, manual skill and detachment. In this study, we focus on exploring how surgery both represses, but also requires, caring work, creating gendered contradictions for the women that enter its ranks. Based on interviews with eighteen female surgeons from Australia and New Zealand, we apply a 'rationality of caring work' lens to explore how they experienced these contradictions through training, socialization and in everyday interactions. Our findings show inter-related mechanisms whereby female surgeons are required to become more independent and self-reliant than comparable men, but also make up for the systemic lack of care shown to junior staff and students. In particular, their pregnancy and motherhood challenge the ideal of the detached, independent, heroic agent. We conclude by discussing how a 'rationality of caring' lens could help unpack the gendered contradictions women experience in other elite professions.

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Section: Gender and Professionssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Gender and Professionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contradictions concerning care: Female surgeons' accounts of the repression and resurfacing of care in their profession

Ainsworth

Flanagan

2019

Gender Work & Organization

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“…In literature about resident education, female residents have been scored lower than male residents at the same level of training, have met milestones at a later stage of training compared with their male counterparts, and have reported fewer procedures specifically in ophthalmology residency. [4][5][6][7][8][9] In contrast, we found no evidence to support that female residents were scored lower than male residents nor that female residents met objectives later than male residents. In fact, our findings suggest that female residents may be scored higher than male residents by both male and female faculty.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In surgical residencies, comments made in evaluations of male surgical residents reflected more positive feedback on overall performance and future potential as compared with female surgical residents. 4 The application of implicit bias on resident performance was demonstrated by a thematic analysis of descriptive terms used to evaluate residents from nine surgical subspecialties at one instutition. 5 In reference to the resident's future, language was more often passive for females, such as "seemed to be" compared with more authoritative language, such as "he is."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gender in Ophthalmology Resident Evaluations

et al. 2020

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Background Gender affects various aspects of medical training. Prior research in surgical specialties has shown that female residents are given less positive feedback, granted less autonomy in the operating room, perform fewer procedures, and achieve competency milestones at a slower rate as compared with their male counterparts. Purpose The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether gender affects ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single institution. Methods Ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single residency program from 2010 to 2018 were reviewed. Data were collected on faculty gender, resident gender, and year of resident training. A linear mixed-effects model was utilized to analyze the degree to which differences in evaluation scores could be predicted from demographic data, while accounting for multiple sources of nonindependence of data. Results A total of 490 evaluations for 43 residents by 34 faculty were analyzed. Evaluations consisted of up to 23 questions graded on a scale from 0 (poor) to 9 (excellent). Female residents received marginally higher scores than male residents on average (coefficient of male residents = −0.2). Both male and female residents received marginally lower scores from male faculty than from female faculty on average (coefficient of male faculty = −0.21). Male faculty also appeared to have scored male residents lower to a greater degree than did female faculty (coefficient of male faculty by male resident interaction = −0.14), though this result was sensitive to model specifications. There was no significant interaction between year of resident training and gender. Conclusion In contrast to other procedural specialties, female residents appear to have been graded at a similar level or higher than male residents on average. Male faculty gave slightly lower scores to both male and female residents than female faculty did. Male faculty also may have graded male residents marginally lower than female residents to a greater degree than female faculty did.

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