Assessing farmers’ income vulnerability to vanilla and clove export economies in northeastern Madagascar using land-use change modelling

Celio, Enrico; Andriatsitohaina, R. Ntsiva N.; Llopis, Jorge C.; Grêt‐Regamey, Adrienne

doi:10.1080/1747423x.2023.2168778

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Land resources, one of the most important factors of natural resources, are an essential production and living element for people to survive and develop [1,2]. Among them, arable land, as the essence of land resources, is the basic element of agricultural production and the main source of food provision [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the above analysis, this study takes the poverty-stricken counties removed from poverty in the contiguous poverty area in Qinba Mountain in 2019 as the sample and the implementation of the poverty eradication policy in 2015 as the time point 1 . The DID model is used to assess the changes in the amount of arable land in the poverty-stricken counties of the contiguous impoverished areas in the Qinba Mountains during the process of eliminating extreme poverty, and the mediating and moderating effect models are used to test the mechanisms of policy effects on arable land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why Have China’s Poverty Eradication Policy Resulted in the Decline of Arable Land in Poverty-Stricken Areas?

Ran,

Hua,

et al. 2023

Land

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Arable land resources are the basic livelihood security for people in poverty-stricken areas, and poor people are prone to uncontrolled expansion of arable land and exogenous ecological damage to secure their livelihoods. To avoid this vicious cycle, China’s poverty eradication policy requires greater management and restoration of arable land in poverty-stricken areas, but it is unknown what impacts it may bring. Therefore, this study examines the impact of policy implementation on arable land by the Difference-in-Differences (DID) model and uses the mediating and moderating models to test the policy’s mechanism on arable land. The results reveal that the policy significantly reduces the arable land, and the results remain robust, controlling for potential endogeneity variables and robustness tests. What’s more, the results of the mediating and moderating effect models indicate that the reduction of arable land is mainly due to the increase of unit yield, guiding the local people to abandon degraded land and to carry out ecological restoration, thus reducing the arable land area and achieving sustainable development. Finally, recommendations are proposed from the perspective of human-land coordination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Have China’s Poverty Eradication Policy Resulted in the Decline of Arable Land in Poverty-Stricken Areas?

Ran,

Hua,

et al. 2023

Land

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Disentangling social, environmental, and zoonotic transmission pathways of a gastrointestinal protozoan (Blastocystis spp.) in northeast Madagascar

Barrett,

Titcomb,

Janko

et al. 2024

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesUnderstanding disease transmission is a fundamental challenge in ecology. We used transmission potential networks to investigate whether a gastrointestinal protozoan (Blastocystis spp.) is spread through social, environmental, and/or zoonotic pathways in rural northeast Madagascar.Materials and MethodsWe obtained survey data, household GPS coordinates, and fecal samples from 804 participants. Surveys inquired about social contacts, agricultural activity, and sociodemographic characteristics. Fecal samples were screened for Blastocystis using DNA metabarcoding. We also tested 133 domesticated animals for Blastocystis. We used network autocorrelation models and permutation tests (network k‐test) to determine whether networks reflecting different transmission pathways predicted infection.ResultsWe identified six distinct Blastocystis subtypes among study participants and their domesticated animals. Among the 804 human participants, 74% (n = 598) were positive for at least one Blastocystis subtype. Close proximity to infected households was the most informative predictor of infection with any subtype (model averaged OR [95% CI]: 1.56 [1.33–1.82]), and spending free time with infected participants was not an informative predictor of infection (model averaged OR [95% CI]: 0.95 [0.82–1.10]). No human participant was infected with the same subtype as the domesticated animals they owned.DiscussionOur findings suggest that Blastocystis is most likely spread through environmental pathways within villages, rather than through social or animal contact. The most likely mechanisms involve fecal contamination of the environment by infected individuals or shared food and water sources. These findings shed new light on human‐pathogen ecology and mechanisms for reducing disease transmission in rural, low‐income settings.

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Agroforestry in Madagascar: past, present, and future

Andriatsitohaina,

Laby,

Llopis

et al. 2024

Agroforest Syst

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Agroforestry systems promise a high multifunctionality providing cash and subsistence yields as well as other ecosystem services. Such land systems may be particularly promising for smallholders in tropical landscapes due to high labour intensity and productivity on limited land. Focusing on Madagascar, we here describe the history of agroforestry in the country and review the current literature on agroforestry outcomes as well as factors promoting and hindering agroforest establishment and maintenance. From this, we discuss the potential future of agroforestry in Madagascar. Historically, many crops farmed today in agroforestry systems were originally introduced as plantation crops, mostly in the nineteenth century. Since then, people co-opted these crops into mixed agroforestry systems, often focusing on clove, vanilla, coffee, or cocoa in combination with fruit trees or, for clove, with livestock. Other crops are also integrated, but shares are comparatively low. Overall, 27.4% of Malagasy exports are crops typically farmed in agroforestry systems, providing income for at least 500,000 farmers. Outcomes of agroforestry for biodiversity and ecosystem services are commonly researched, showing benefits over annual crops and monocultures. Social-economic outcomes, including yields, are more scarcely researched, but findings point towards financial benefits for smallholder farmers and a sense of community and collective memory. However, findings emphasize that research gaps remain in terms of geographic and crop coverage, also for ecological outcomes. Looking to the future, we highlight the need to overcome hurdles such as land tenure insecurity, financial barriers to implementation, and unstable value chains to scale agroforestry in Madagascar to the benefit of multifunctional land systems and human wellbeing.

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Assessing farmers’ income vulnerability to vanilla and clove export economies in northeastern Madagascar using land-use change modelling

Cited by 5 publications

References 65 publications

Why Have China’s Poverty Eradication Policy Resulted in the Decline of Arable Land in Poverty-Stricken Areas?

Why Have China’s Poverty Eradication Policy Resulted in the Decline of Arable Land in Poverty-Stricken Areas?

Disentangling social, environmental, and zoonotic transmission pathways of a gastrointestinal protozoan (Blastocystis spp.) in northeast Madagascar

Agroforestry in Madagascar: past, present, and future

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