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Abstract:Abstract:Finding a method to evaluate people's emotional responses to urban spaces in a valid and objective way is fundamentally important for urban design practices and related policy making. Analysis of the essential qualities of urban space could be made both more effective and more accurate using innovative information techniques that have become available in the era of big data. This study introduces an integrated method based on geographical information systems (GIS) and an emotion-tracking technique to … Show more
“…Additionally, skin contact quality and ambient temperature are measured to detect artifacts caused by changing contact quality of skin and transducers. The smartband validity has been confirmed by experimental and field research (Hogertz, 2010; Li et al., 2016; Steinitz, 2014). Figure 1.Sensor wrist band.…”
This research investigates whether a short mindfulness exercise can reduce children’s psychophysiological stress reactions in the face of a performance task. To answer the question, a randomized controlled trial with 106 elementary school children, aged between 5 and 11 years, was conducted. An intervention group completed a two-minute breathing exercise, whilst a comparison group watched a short video, before both groups performed a stress-evoking Stroop test. The stress levels of both groups were measured via galvanic skin response and compared. It was hypothesized that the comparison group would show a higher stress reaction during the stress-evoking task than the intervention group. Contrary to the hypothesis, results show that the intervention group had a higher psychophysiological stress reaction during the task than the comparison group. However, the stress reaction to the announced difficulty of the task was smaller in the mindfulness group than in the comparison group. Results are discussed based on different theoretical mechanisms of mindfulness. Directions for future research include the use of different techniques and durations of mindfulness interventions, different control group activities and stress-test operationalizations, as well as the distinction between age groups.
“…Additionally, skin contact quality and ambient temperature are measured to detect artifacts caused by changing contact quality of skin and transducers. The smartband validity has been confirmed by experimental and field research (Hogertz, 2010; Li et al., 2016; Steinitz, 2014). Figure 1.Sensor wrist band.…”
This research investigates whether a short mindfulness exercise can reduce children’s psychophysiological stress reactions in the face of a performance task. To answer the question, a randomized controlled trial with 106 elementary school children, aged between 5 and 11 years, was conducted. An intervention group completed a two-minute breathing exercise, whilst a comparison group watched a short video, before both groups performed a stress-evoking Stroop test. The stress levels of both groups were measured via galvanic skin response and compared. It was hypothesized that the comparison group would show a higher stress reaction during the stress-evoking task than the intervention group. Contrary to the hypothesis, results show that the intervention group had a higher psychophysiological stress reaction during the task than the comparison group. However, the stress reaction to the announced difficulty of the task was smaller in the mindfulness group than in the comparison group. Results are discussed based on different theoretical mechanisms of mindfulness. Directions for future research include the use of different techniques and durations of mindfulness interventions, different control group activities and stress-test operationalizations, as well as the distinction between age groups.
“…To our knowledge, EDA activity has not been put to use in situ in urban environments for the monitoring psychophysiological arousal of people living with a diagnosis of psychosis. However, there is indeed a growing body of work assessing EDA with healthy participants in real world settings within cities (Alajmi et al 2013;Bergner et al 2013;El Mawass and Kanjo 2013;Hijazi et al 2016;Hogertz 2010;Kim and Fesenmaier 2015;Li et al 2016;Zeile et al 2015). Furthermore, EDA has been used in laboratory studies as a psychophysiological indicator of arousal in participants living with a diagnosis of psychosis (Lincoln et al 2015), and it has been used in situ to detect autonomic signature of illness (Cella et al 2018).…”
Section: The 'Bio' In Urban Mental Healthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…that elicit arousal and/or narratives. Second, GPS positions locate arousal spots and, for example, allow the characterization of participants' relations with the built environment through 'isovists', defined as the portion of space visible from a particular point of view (see Hijazi et al 2016;Li et al 2016). Finally, audiovisual recording combined with video-elicitation interviews constitute an efficient means to observe and discuss inter-sensory phenomena.…”
Epidemiological research in psychiatry has established robust evidence of the link between urban living and psychosis, but the situated experience of the city, as well as the precise ecology of psychosis remain largely unexplored. In this context, the aim of this paper is to discuss the productive potential of a 'revitalized' biosocial geographical thinking and researching on urban mental health. We do so through a methodological proposition. First, we discuss the need for a biosocial approach to the city/psychosis nexus and argue that a broader biological view, beyond epigenetics and neurosciences and a more precise investigation of 'the social' need to be developed. Second, a telling and recurring motto of recent reflections on biosocial processes is to understand how the environment or the social 'gets under the skin'. We suggest examining a specific place in this pathway, the skin itself. This leads us to expose a methodology using electrodermal activity (EDA), combined with ethnographic observations and interviews, as a strategy for analysing ecological processes in psychosis. In doing so, we discuss the potential of 'biosensory ethnographies' in studies of urban mental health and more broadly as a biosocial approach to the geography of health.
“…Overall, it clearly appears that the underlying local and global structural properties of a given urban environment shape cognitive representations [28]. In particular, recent agent-based computational approaches that replicate navigation tasks demonstrate that modelling performances improve when considering the scenic layout [29], visual properties play indeed a significant role in shaping the perception of a given urban environment and then navigation opportunities [30]. At the local level, differences and commonalities between expert-based and resident-based perceptions of a given built environment have been also investigated [31].…”
It has been long recognised that the underlying spatial structure plays an important role when navigating in urban environments. However, the modelling of the forms and properties that emerge from the city is still a difficult issue to address. The objective of the research developed in this paper is to study and represent two important qualities of urban environments as identified by Lynch and Bentley in their respective seminal works, that is, legibility and permeability. Our objective is to identify and implement a series of metrics applied to the layout of a given city that reflects these concepts of legibility, and then to evaluate to which degree these measures are correlated to different human perceptions of the city, particularly differences between humans who have or have not had an experience of a given urban environment. The whole approach is applied to the context of a neighbourhood of the city of Tehran in Iran. The findings show that permeability match relatively well with residents' evaluations while legibility rather complies with newcomers' evaluations.
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