Assessing environmentally friendly recycling methods for composite bodies of railway rolling stock using life-cycle analysis

Lee, Cheul-Kyu; Kim, Yong-Ki; Pruitichaiwiboon, Phirada; Kim, Jungsuk; Lee, Kun-Mo; Ju, Chang-Sik

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2010.02.001

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For those, energy consumption and GHG emissions have been calculated. Energy consumption for pyrolysis was found to be approximately six times higher compared to acid while greenhouse gas emissions were five times higher [77]. Therewith the promising potential of alternative recycling methods, acid treatment in this case, has been shown.…”

Section: Lca Results For Recycled Carbon Fibres From the Pyrolysis Ofmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Another study on four CFRP recycling methods for composite carbody-shell of a tilting train has been carried out by Lee et al [77]. Recycling processes are acid, pyrolysis in oxygen and nitrogen, organic solvents and a supercritical process.…”

Section: Lca Results For Recycled Carbon Fibres From the Pyrolysis Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main focus was laid on rCF from (commercial available) pyrolysis processes [62,67,[76][77][78][79].…”

Section: Recycled Carbon Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental analysis of innovative sustainable composites with potential use in aviation sector—A life cycle assessment review

Bachmann

Hidalgo

Bricout

2017

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

149

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The forecast of growing air transport in the upcoming decades faces the challenge of an increasing environmental impact. Aviation industry is working on promising technologies to mitigate this environmental impact. Lightweight design is a strong lever to lower the fuel consumption and, consequently, with it the emissions of aviation. High performance composites are a key technology to help achieve these aims thanks to their favourable combination of mechanical properties and low weight in primary structures. However, mainly synthetic materials such as petrol based carbon fibres and epoxy resins are used nowadays to produce composite in aviation. Renewable materials like bio-based fibres and resin systems offer potential environmental advantages. However, they have not found their way into aviation, yet. The reasons are reduced mechanical properties and, especially for the use of natural fibres, their flammability. Improvements of these shortcomings are under investigation. Therefore the application of bio-based and recycled materials in certain areas of the aircraft could be possible in the future. Good examples for applications are furnishings and secondary structures. The motivation for this paper is to give an overview of potential environmental properties by using such eco-materials in aviation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool to calculate environmental impacts during all life stages of a product. The main focus is laid on the bio-fibres flax and ramie, recycled carbon fibres and bio-based thermoset resin systems. Furthermore an overview of environmental aspects of existing composite materials used in aviation is given. Generally, a lack of LCA results for the substitution of synthetic materials by bio-based/recycled composite materials in aviation applications has been identified. Therefore, available information from other transport areas, such as automotive, has been summarized. More detailed LCA data for eco-composite materials and technologies to improve their properties is important to understand potential environmental effects in aviation. aviation, composite, natural fibre, recycled carbon fibre, bio-resin, cabin interior, secondary structure, life cycle assessment (LCA) Citation:Bachmann J, Hidalgo C, Bricout S. Environmental analysis of innovative sustainable composites with potential use in aviation sector-A life cycle assessment review.

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Section: Lca Results For Recycled Carbon Fibres From the Pyrolysis Ofmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Lca Results For Recycled Carbon Fibres From the Pyrolysis Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental analysis of innovative sustainable composites with potential use in aviation sector—A life cycle assessment review

Bachmann

Hidalgo

Bricout

2017

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

149

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“…One example is PVC (Polyvinyl chloride), which is used for train floor sheets, cable pipes, insulation layers, and as the interior material of rolling stocks. According to recent research [44], appropriate treatment of train floor sheets and insulation materials should be carried out before recycling in order to enable safe and long-term outdoor reuses. Another plastic commonly used in a passenger rolling stock is PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls).…”

Section: Risk Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risks and Uncertainty with Respect to the Utilization of Recycled Rolling Stocks

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The railway industry is one of the most important sectors driving growth of regional economies worldwide. The industry has long dealt with both infrastructure and rolling stock. Many of these have reached the end of their lives. This paper highlights the rail policy for managing end-of-life rail vehicles. Initially when manufacturing rolling stock, different materials are considered in design and manufacture such as steel, aluminum, copper, polymers, glass. Based on the high economic and carbon costs of these materials, it is worthwhile to reuse or recycle them after their end-of-life cycle. In this study, three types of trains have been evaluated for comparison: freight, passenger and high speed. The material breakdowns from rail vehicles are evaluated for feasible applications in terms of reusing or recycling train components. We consider every material, taking into account the process of production, remaining life, advantages, disadvantages and potential threats derived from using such residual materials. The key aspects are risks and uncertainty associated with chemical and physical processes, corrosion and its varieties, oxidation, impact on the environment, release of toxicity, and pollution to the soil. These negative effects can indeed harm people, children, and assets in the vicinity. This paper therefore highlights the possibilities of recycling residual materials derived from rolling stock waste and any danger to the environment and the community, so that hazardous waste management can be put in place at the right time. Such insight will better shape sustainability policy for rolling stock procurement in the future.

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“…Other existing works examine EoL topics related to the railway sector mainly focusing on specific case studies, without proposing general methods to be applied as guidelines for the sector. As an example, focusing on issues related to stainless steel vehicles (Matsuoka, 2003), or on composite materials (Lee et al, 2010), or on material degradation analyses for specific components Nagai, 2008, 2007). No studies dealing with on-board electric and electronic devices, which are quite critical in trains, have been found, while the topic is gaining interest and is currently under study for road vehicles (Barwood et al, 2015;Cucchiella et al, 2016).…”

Section: Eol Of Railway Vehicles In Lca and Epd Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

End-of-Life in the railway sector: Analysis of recyclability and recoverability for different vehicle case studies

et al. 2017

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The railway system represents one of the most resource-efficient answer to our ever-growing demand for transport service and the development trends for the following years forecast a substantial increase in this sector. Considering the European Union, rolling stock realizes a significant share of both goods and passengers carriage while it is responsible for a derisory quota of environmental impact and energy consumption involved by transportation. Contrary to the low environmental impact, the amount of End-of-Life (EoL) waste generated by rolling stocks in relation to the number of vehicles is notable, much greater than in the case of road vehicles. As railway vehicles are built from many heterogeneous components, the EoL rolling stock is a precious source of materials, whose recycling brings measurable economic benefits and needs to be appropriately debated. The paper performs the calculation of recoverability/recyclability rate for different typologies of representative railway vehicles on the basis of primary data and according to the recyclability and recoverability calculation method issued by UNIFE in the context of Product category Rules (PCR). The typologies of railway vehicles taken into account are electric metro, diesel commuter train and high-speed electric train. The analysis envisages also to repeat the calculation in case innovative materials and manufacturing technologies are adopted in the construction of car-body structure. Results show that recyclability/recoverability rates are abundantly over the quota of 90% for each one of the three trains, these latter being made in major part of metals which benefit from very efficient recovery processes. The adoption of innovative materials and manufacturing technologies for car-body structure involves a scarce reduction of recyclability and recoverability rates (about 2% and 0.2% respectively) due to the introduction of components and materials characterized by critical dismantlability and low efficiency recovery processes; recoverability results less affected by lightweighting because post-shredding thermal recovery treatments are roughly independent with respect to dismantlability. A sensitivity analysis based on different dismantling scenarios reveals that the effectiveness of dismantling has a moderate influence on recyclability/recoverability rate (the variation does not exceed 3%). The low variability of recyclability/recoverability rate can be explained by the following reasons: material composition of trains shows a predominance of metals; the efficiency of metals separation processes is close to 100%; post-shredding recycling processes of metals are characterized by recovery factors equal to the ones of post-dismantling recycling processes. Keywords:Train, Railway, Rolling stock, Recyclability, Recoverability, End-of-Life, Dismantling Highlights:Overview on railway vehicles End-of-Life; Assessment of recyclability and recoverability for three trains representative of current railway vehicle categories "urban, high-speed and commuter" ...

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Assessing environmentally friendly recycling methods for composite bodies of railway rolling stock using life-cycle analysis

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Environmental analysis of innovative sustainable composites with potential use in aviation sector—A life cycle assessment review

Environmental analysis of innovative sustainable composites with potential use in aviation sector—A life cycle assessment review

Environmental Risks and Uncertainty with Respect to the Utilization of Recycled Rolling Stocks

End-of-Life in the railway sector: Analysis of recyclability and recoverability for different vehicle case studies

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