Assessing Energy Security Using Indicator-Based Analysis: The Case of ASEAN Member Countries

Abstract

Using indicator-based assessment, this study examines the energy security of nine Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries to see how it has evolved over the past 12 years and identifies a country-specific energy security context for each country. The assessment uses 42 energy security indicators, which can be separated into five components: overall energy balance, socio-economic aspect, domestic energy resources, overseas energy demands and resources, and diversification of energy supply. The findings show different energy security situations among ASEAN member nations that are a result of national energy contexts, specifically uneven economic and energy infrastructure developments. The context, at a national level, affects the connotation of energy security and the interpretation of the indicators, which reflects different primary issues of concern regarding energy security. At the international level, due to the diversity, the interconnection of intra-regional energy markets could contribute to energy self-reliance of the region. Adversely, the difference could hinder the prospect of cooperation due to the lack of consensus on shared value.

The Contemporary Methodology for Energy and Financial Security Region of Mineral-Raw Cluster

“…Произошло разделение стран мира на владеющих в необходимом количестве энергетическими ресурсами и тех, кто не имеет их и зависит от предложения сырья на рынке энергоресурсов. Поэтому в центре внимания экспертов, международных организаций, бизнеса проблема обеспечения энергетической безопасности и мониторинг её показателей находится в зоне постоянного внимания и имеет высокую актуальность [10,11]. Энергетическая безопасность -важнейшая составляющая национальной безопасности страны, основа устойчиво-го развития экономики.…”

Definitions and dimensions of energy security: a literature review

“…However, many of these indexes will be of no use in a future energy system that relies on renewables because they were designed for a fossil‐based system. Therefore other indexes will make more sense to measure this dimension, for example, final energy consumption per capita . Last, since energy exists excessively on the global level, the question is left for us (humans) to decide how we want to live on our planet; whether to collapse or to succeed…”

“…Ang et al state that publications on energy security were rare before 2001, but in the 21st century, the topic has emerged as one of a great importance . There are many reasons for this growing interest: increased energy prices, the growing dependence of industrialized economies on energy as an engine for economic growth and a driver for civilization and society, the global energy supply crisis, climate change, energy demand and competition, political conflict, social development, major disruptions in oil markets related to military upheavals, complex global markets, threats to the energy system, and the mindset that considers energy security as equivalent to national security . In general, energy affects every aspect of life and energy is thus crucial to the survival of a functioning modern society …”

Energy Use and Policy Implications for Energy Security in Asia: A Panel Data Approach

“…He concluded that issues in uneven distribution of resources and energy supplies in Central Asia can be solved by energy trade and governments of Central Asian countries should take full advantage of assistance offered by multilateral programs. Kanchana and Unesaki (2015) [8] assessed energy security indicators in nine countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for the past 12 years (2001-2012). Their findings stated that energy security among ASEAN member nations is a result of uneven economic and energy infrastructure developments.…”

“…Although these studies focus on energy use and energy security in either the sub-region level [6][7][8] or the national level [9][10][11], but none of these researches energy use in order to recommend policies for energy security in the context of entire Asia. Thus, it is necessary to carry out this study to narrow down the gap in the research scale of previous studies.…”