Assessing ecological risks caused by human activities in rapid urbanization coastal areas: Towards an integrated approach to determining key areas of terrestrial-oceanic ecosystems preservation and restoration

Identification and Prediction of Wetland Ecological Risk in Key Cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt: From the Perspective of Land Development

“…Sharp [53] showed that there may also be potential threats beyond the boundaries of specific areas. Considering that anthropogenic impacts had an extension beyond the area in which they were located, this study treated the overlap between anthropogenic activities and their buffer zones and wetlands as part of the spatial and temporal overlap between anthropogenic ecological stressors and wetlands [34]. Referring to Chen's findings [40], buffer zones were established for different ecological stressors.…”

“…However, the assessment is not only costly, but also difficult to quantitatively predict the pressure on wetlands. Many ERAs are limited to specific regions, states, or wetland types, and no evaluation index system and evaluation standards have yet been established [34]. Many studies have only superimposed multiple stressors or risk sources, but still lack a regional cumulative or comprehensive risk assessment [35].…”

“…We can use this model to analyze the location and intensity of human impacts on nearshore ecosystems to identify areas of greatest risk of degradation and their primary causes. The model has been successfully applied around the world [34,[36][37][38][39][40]. The model can use land-use data to evaluate the impact of human activities on the environment from the land development perspective [34,40].…”

“…The model has been successfully applied around the world [34,[36][37][38][39][40]. The model can use land-use data to evaluate the impact of human activities on the environment from the land development perspective [34,40]. Land-use type is the result of the interaction between human activities and natural processes, and is a comprehensive reflection of human economic and social activities on the land surface and the natural environment [41].…”

“…Compared with ecotoxicological data, the widespread application of remote sensing technology is a guarantee for land use data acquisition. Zhai [34] and Chen [40] have demonstrated that HRA can be performed using land-use data. In addition, the Cellular Automata (Ca)-Markov model combines the ability of CA to simulate the spatial variation of complex systems and the advantages of Markov's long-term prediction, and can effectively simulate the spatial variation of land use patterns [42][43][44].…”