Assessing Dynamic Changes of Taste-Related Primary Metabolism During Ripening of Durian Pulp Using Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Abstract

Durian is an economically important fruit of Southeast Asia. There is, however, a lack of in-depth information on the alteration of its metabolic networks during ripening. Here, we annotated 94 ripening-associated metabolites from the pulp of durian cv. Monthong fruit at unripe and ripe stages, using capillary electrophoresis- and gas chromatography- time-of-flight mass spectrometry, specifically focusing on taste-related metabolites. During ripening, sucrose content increased. Change in raffinose-family oligosaccharides are reported herein for the first time. The malate and succinate contents increased, while those of citrate, an abundant organic acid, were unchanged. Notably, most amino acids increased, including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, whereas aspartate decreased, and glutamate was unchanged. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis was performed to analyze the dynamic changes in sugar metabolism, glycolysis, TCA cycle, and amino acid pathways to identify key candidate genes. Taken together, our results elucidate the fundamental taste-related metabolism of durian, which can be exploited to develop durian metabolic and genetic markers in the future.

Combining Metabolomics and Interpretable Machine Learning to Reveal Plasma Metabolic Profiling and Biological Correlates of Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients: What About Tryptophan Metabolism Regulation?

“…As shown in Figure 4 and Table 2 , five metabolic pathways were significantly enriched ( p -value < 0.05). However, only the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism was possibly the main disturbed metabolic pathway related to AD with an impact value >0.1 ( Arima et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ; Sangpong et al, 2021 ). Notably, tryptophan metabolism had also been detected, but did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.56799, impact value = 0.10493).…”

Functional and Structural Investigation of Chalcone Synthases Based on Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoids and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis of the Fern Cyclosorus parasiticus

“…Three chalcone derivatives have been isolated from C. parasiticus (Wei et al, 2013). Recently, metabolomics integrated with transcriptomics has been widely used to investigate the biosynthesis of metabolites to reveal the biosynthetic pathways of metabolites in plants (Zhang et al, 2014;Dong et al, 2019;Sangpong et al, 2021). Therefore, it is feasible and useful to analyze the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in the different developmental stages of C. parasiticus through the joint application of the two technologies.…”

Transcriptome-wide identification and expression profiling of the ERF gene family suggest roles as transcriptional activators and repressors of fruit ripening in durian

“…Fruits harvested at the mature stage were used as unripe fruit samples. To obtain midripe and ripe fruit samples, fruits harvested at the mature stage were kept at room temperature (30°C) for post-harvest ripening until reaching a firmness of 3.4 ± 0.81 N (∼3 days after harvest) (for midripe stage) and 1.55 ± 0.45 N (∼5 days after harvest) (for ripe stage) [ 32 , 34 ] and then were peeled. After peeling the fruit samples, two central pulps were collected and processed following the method described by Pinsorn et al [ 30 ].…”

“…Monthong at the three stages of post-harvest ripening (unripe, midripe, and ripe), sequencing reads from the RNA-Seq study of durian fruit cv. Monthong (generated by our group) were retrieved from a public repository database with the following accession number: PRJNA683229 [ 34 ].…”

“…In another study, we identified a member of the auxin response factor (ARF) TF family, DzARF2A, which mediates durian fruit ripening through the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes [ 33 ]. Using metabolome and transcriptome analyses, Sangpong et al [ 34 ] investigated dynamic changes in the contents of flavor-related metabolites during the post-harvest ripening of durian fruit and identified key genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. These reports provide us with a better understanding of the transcriptional and hormonal regulatory networks involved in durian fruit ripening.…”