Assessing Change in Tobacco Visibility at Point-of-Sale Following a Display Ban

Eadie, Douglas; Best, Catherine; Stead, Martine; MacKintosh, Anne Marie; Critchlow, Nathan; Purves, Richard; Pearce, Jamie; Currie, Dorothy; Ozakinci, Gözde; Amos, Amanda; MacGregor, Andy; Haw, Sally

doi:10.18001/trs.4.3.2

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Details of the methods used to develop the POS tobacco visibility tool are provided in Eadie et al 82 This text has been adapted with written permission from Tobacco Regulatory Science.…”

Section: Point-of-sale Tobacco Visibility Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study

et al. 2020

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Background Tobacco displays at point of sale have been shown to increase young people’s pro-smoking attitudes, susceptibility to smoking and smoking initiation. In Scotland, legislation that prohibited tobacco point-of-sale displays was implemented in large stores (i.e. those > 280 m2) in April 2013 and in small retailers in April 2015. Objective To assess the impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people’s exposure to tobacco advertising, their attitudes to smoking and smoking susceptibility, and their risk of smoking initiation. Design Multimodal before-and-after study design using mixed methods to collect data at baseline (2013) and then longitudinally for 4 years. Setting Four main study communities in the central belt of mainland Scotland, UK, purposively selected to reflect two levels of urbanity (urban vs. small town) and two levels of deprivation (high vs. medium/low). Four matched communities. Participants In the main study communities, 94 tobacco retail outlets. All Secondary 2 (aged 13 years) and Secondary 4 (aged 15 years) pupils in 2013 and 2014 together with all Secondary 1 to Secondary 6 (aged 12–17 years) pupils in 2015–17. This included 6612 pupils who completed 14,344 questionnaires over 5 years. Three hundred and eighty-two participants in 80 focus groups who were recruited from Secondary 2 and Secondary 4 in 2013–17. In matched communities, 24 retail panel members in 2013–17. Main outcome measures Tobacco product and tobacco storage visibility, density of retail outlets (the number of retailers in a pre-defined area such as a residential neighbourhood), tobacco product exposure, brand awareness, perceived accessibility of tobacco, pro-smoking attitudes, pro-smoking norms, smoking susceptibility and smoking initiation. Data platform and methods The study had four components – a mapping and spatial analysis of retail outlets; a tobacco marketing audit, including retail panel interviews in matched communities; school surveys; and focus group discussions with secondary school pupils. Limitations The study was based on a small number of communities and did not include communities in remote areas. Results Compliance with the point-of-sale legislation in Scotland was high. This led to a large reduction in the visibility of tobacco products in retail outlets. However, when the results were stratified by socioeconomic status, declines in retailer density, weighted by total product visibility, were restricted to the least disadvantaged tertile of participants. Nevertheless, the implementation of the legislation was associated with a reduction in risk of both smoking susceptibility and smoking initiation in young people, as well as a reduction in the perceived accessibility of tobacco and in pro-smoking attitudes after both the partial and the comprehensive bans were introduced. Conclusions The Scottish point-of-sale legislation has been successful in reducing the overall visibility of tobacco products and is associated with improvements in attitudinal and behavioural outcomes in young people. However, cues that tobacco is for sale are still highly visible, particularly in retail outlets in areas of deprivation. In addition, the increase in retailer density that was observed after 2015 increased inequalities in product visibility. There was also evidence that the emergence of e-cigarettes may have disrupted the full impact of the legislation. Future work Our research indicates that further research is needed to examine the longitudinal relationships between tobacco outlet availability and product visibility inequalities; and the impact of e-cigarettes and standardised packaging on smoking initiation and prevalence. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 1. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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“…Details of the methods used to develop the POS tobacco visibility tool are provided in Eadie et al 82 This text has been adapted with written permission from Tobacco Regulatory Science.…”

Section: Point-of-sale Tobacco Visibility Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paper by Eadie et al 82 presents our approach to measuring tobacco visibility. A summary of the work is provided in this section.…”

Section: Point-of-sale Tobacco Visibility Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study

et al. 2020

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“…Several ex-post studies in Scotland are in line with our predictions. Although storage units remained highly visible,23 they found substantial reductions of tobacco product visibility after implementation of POS policies 24 25. Children and adolescents also reported seeing fewer tobacco displays after implementation of the display ban in England,26 Ireland27 and Australia 28.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex ante evaluation of the impact of tobacco control policy measures aimed at the point of sale in the Netherlands

et al. 2022

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IntroductionThe Netherlands aims to implement stricter tobacco control policies targeting the retail environment. This paper is an ex ante policy evaluation of the potential impact of the current tobacco display and advertising ban as well as future tobacco sales bans on tobacco outlet visibility and availability.MethodsBetween September 2019 and June 2020, all potential tobacco retailers in four Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Haarlem and Zwolle) were visited and mapped using Global Positioning System. For each retailer selling tobacco, we completed a checklist on the visibility of tobacco products and advertising. Expected reductions in tobacco outlet visibility and availability were calculated per policy measure in absolute numbers (percentage or percentage point decrease) as well as density and proximity.ResultsOut of 870 tobacco outlets, 690 were identified with visible tobacco products/advertising. The display ban in supermarkets and small outlets (respectively) is expected to decrease the number (−15; −42 percentage points), outlet density per 10 000 capita (−0.9; −2.6) and proximity in metres (+27 m; +400 m) of outlets with visible products/advertising. The upcoming bans on vending machines and sales in supermarkets are expected to decrease the number (−12%; −31%), density (−0.7; −1.9) and proximity (+12 m; +68 m) of tobacco outlets. Further changes in the number, density and proximity (respectively) of tobacco outlets may be achieved with future sales bans in petrol stations (−7%; −0.4; +60 m) and particularly with a ban on sales in small outlets (−43%; −2.7; +970 m).ConclusionA display ban and a sales ban in small outlets will contribute most to reducing tobacco outlet visibility and availability, assuming that no market shift towards other tobacco outlets will take place.

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“…For each year from 2013, data on the visibility of tobacco products were collected using discreet audits of all retail outlets across the four study communities (n=95 in 2013, and n=93 in 2017). Full details of the development of the audit tool are available elsewhere20 but briefly, observers worked in pairs to measure product and storage visibility collected by the discreet audits of all outlets selling tobacco in the four study communities. Measures included the visibility of tobacco storage units at point of purchase; proximity of the tobacco sales counter to customer traffic flows; size of tobacco storage units; and conspicuousness of tobacco storage units within the surrounding retail environment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How has the introduction of point-of-sale legislation affected the presence and visibility of tobacco retailing in Scotland? A longitudinal study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundReducing the local availability of tobacco is identified as the ‘next frontier’ in tobacco control. This paper examines the roles of tobacco retail outlet density and tobacco visibility in changing exposure to tobacco retailing before and after the introduction of point-of-sale (POS) legislation in Scotland.MethodsNational tobacco retailer register data were analysed to examine time trends in tobacco retailer density (2012–2017). Results were stratified by local authority, neighbourhood deprivation and urbanity. Next, an annual retail audit using a POS tobacco visibility tool assessed changes in total product visibility in all retail outlets in four study communities between 2013 and 2017. A longitudinal survey (2013–2017) of 5527 adolescents aged 12–17 in the four study communities enabled the calculation of residential and journey-to-school measures of tobacco retailer exposure. Trends were stratified by deprivation, urbanity and socioeconomic status.ResultsRetail provision of tobacco declined following the introduction of the POS legislation in 2013. However, there were strong geographic differences; nationally, one-fifth of local authorities have increased provision since 2015. In the four study communities, tobacco retail provision was generally stable over the study period. Although product visibility of tobacco products reduced for adolescents there was growing socioeconomic disparity in the density of tobacco retailers and the visibility of tobacco storage.ConclusionsThe POS ban reduced exposure to tobacco products in communities across Scotland. However, tobacco products remain widely available, and there is growing socioeconomic disparity in the availability and visibility of tobacco.

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Assessing Change in Tobacco Visibility at Point-of-Sale Following a Display Ban

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study

The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study

Ex ante evaluation of the impact of tobacco control policy measures aimed at the point of sale in the Netherlands

How has the introduction of point-of-sale legislation affected the presence and visibility of tobacco retailing in Scotland? A longitudinal study

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