Assessing Breast Cancer Risk Estimates Based on the Gail Model and Its Predictors in Qatari Women

Abstract

Background: The Gail model is the most widely used breast cancer risk assessment tool. An accurate assessment of individual’s breast cancer risk is very important for prevention of the disease and for the health care providers to make decision on taking chemoprevention for high-risk women in clinical practice in Qatar. Aim: To assess the breast cancer risk among Arab women population in Qatar using the Gail model and provide a global comparison of risk assessment. Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 1488 women (aged 35 years and older), we used the Gail Risk Assessment Tool to assess the risk of developing breast cancer. Sociodemographic features such as age, lifestyle habits, body mass index, breast-feeding duration, consanguinity among parents, and family history of breast cancer were considered as possible risks. Results: The mean age of the study population was 47.8 ± 10.8 years. Qatari women and Arab women constituted 64.7% and 35.3% of the study population, respectively. The mean 5-year and lifetime breast cancer risks were 1.12 ± 0.52 and 10.57 ± 3.1, respectively. Consanguineous marriage among parents was seen in 30.6% of participants. We found a relationship between the 5-year and lifetime risks of breast cancer and variables such as age, age at menarche, gravidity, parity, body mass index, family history of cancer, menopause age, occupation, and level of education. The linear regression analysis identified the predictors for breast cancer in women such as age, age at menarche, age of first birth, family history and age of menopausal were considered the strong predictors and significant contributing risk factors for breast cancer after adjusting for ethnicity, parity and other variables. Conclusion: The current study is the first to evaluate the performance of the Gail model for Arab women population in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Gail model is an appropriate breast cancer risk assessment tool for female population in Qatar.

Assessment of the Gail Model in Estimating the Risk of Breast Cancer: Effect of Cancer Worry and Risk in Healthy Women

“…It has been recommended that women should have annual mammograms starting at age 40 (Min et al, 2014). In fact, women with a higher risk of developing breast cancer should get extra screening procedures; as well as they might also get beginning screening at an earlier age with more repeated periods (McPherson et al, 2000;Park et al, 2013;Bener et al, 2017). To our knowledge, the Gail model has not been validated in a population with as large sample size as our study in Turkish women.…”

“…About 5% to 10% of breast cancers are thought to be hereditary, caused by abnormal genes passed from parent to child (Claus et al, 1994;Bener et al, 2010). Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and family history of breast cancer is a well-known risk factor (Bener et al, 2010, Bener et al, 2017. Given the benefits of early diagnosis and prevention of breast cancer, implementation of breast cancer screening is crucial, especially for "high-risk" women (Tyrer et al, 2005;Gail et al, 2007;Adams -Campbell et al, 2009;Pace and Keating 2014).…”

The Application of Gail Model to Predict the Risk of Developing Breast Cancer among Jordanian Women

“…e application of the Gail model was tried on women with different ethnic groups, including African American women and reached different conclusions [8][9][10]. Establishment of risk assessment models can be more helpful in developing countries where the incidence of breast cancer is rising and the resources are limited to apply nationwide screening and early detection programs [11,12]. e aim of this study is to find whether a modified version of the Gail model can identify a subgroup of Jordanian women at higher risk for developing breast cancer.…”

Exploring the effectiveness of crisis counseling and psychoeducation in relation to improving mental well-being, quality of life and treatment compliance of breast cancer patients in Qatar

“…The Qatari patients accounted for 32% of all patients diagnosed with breast cancer in the age range of 40–50 years and 36% of all affected women. 4 , 5…”